44 
INDIA 
genus; Ganoris canidia , Sparrm., a White like P. rapae, Linn., but 
with bigger black spots; and Belenois mesentina , flying fast and going 
straight ahead in a purposeful manner. Here I may remark that 
the swift flight of the Whites generally has much impressed me; it 
is evidently closely related to the fact that they are quite the most 
conspicuous of all butterflies, especially at a distance. Argynnis 
issaea was again well to the front; another Athyma opalina was 
securely “ papered,” and a specimen of Precis lemonias was taken, in 
which the anal angle of both hind-wings had been bitten off nearly 
symmetrically. 1 Amongst many of the argiolus- like Cyaniris singa- 
lensis, one 0. vardhana was taken. Three Geometers, Philereme 
variegata, JDocirava aequilineata , Walk., and the familiar widely- 
Fig. 8.—Mutilated butterflies :—(a) Mylothris trimenia; (b) Golias marnoana. 
distributed Polyphasia truncata, Hufn. ( Gidaria immanata, Haw.), 
complete the list. 
The dak bungalow at Narkanda is delightfully situated, nestling 
in the woods it looks right upon “ The Snows.” The cawing of rooks 
in early morning brought to our minds thoughts of home, soon to be 
dispelled by seeing birds near as large as thrushes, some bright green, 
others of the brightest crimson, as well as blue magpies (?) with two 
very long tail feathers. 
At Narkanda Argynnis issaea was in great numbers in the woods, 
so was the Chalcosiine moth Agalope hyalina ; this flies fast and 
always in the same direction, this afternoon it was up-hill and against 
the wind, more especially up certain gorges in the mountain side. 
It was hard to catch, and on the wing looked much larger than it 
1 Not long before this observation was made, Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., bad 
called the attention of entomologists to the indirect evidence of attacks by birds and 
lizards afforded by mutilated survivors. He referred to Fritz Muller’s observations 
on the subject as far back as 1868, which were supplemented and confirmed by 
Mr. G. A. K. Marshall’s very numerous later observations in South Africa. When 
both fore-wings, or both hind-wings, bear similar and symmetrical injuries, still more 
in those rare cases where all four wings are symmetrically mutilated, it is practically 
certain that the insect must have been at rest with its wings over its back when the 
injuries were inflicted. Trans. Ent. Soc. Land 1902, p. 866. [See Fig. 3.] 
