MALAKAND 
55 
“ dog’s head mark,” was in plenty among the Lucerne as well as at 
the Marigolds; the Lucerne also yielded both Colias fieldii and C. 
erate, the eastern form of hyalc . Among the Danaines Danaida 
chrysippus was common, and D. plexippus , Linn. ( genutia , Cram.), 
abundant at the Marigold flowers, at which also one Tirumala 
limniace , Cram., was taken. Athyma perius, Linn., was rather 
common, but preferred the wet mud left in the irrigation channels 
to any flowers. Argynnis hyperbius was also common, but had more 
refined taste, and was usually taken on the Marigold beds; its 
female was observed during life to resemble D. plexippus. Precis 
almana was common, P. orithyia very abundant at the same flowers, 
together with a few P. oenone , one of them very fine and large. As 
usual in India Atella phalantha and Belenois mesentina put in an 
appearance, the first at Marigold, the second, a male, among the 
Lucerne. The Hairstreak Ilerda sena occurred alike at Marigold and 
high up on the mountain-side. The flowers of Gaillardia proved 
more attractive than the coarser Marigolds to the smaller fry; the 
brown Skipper, Parnara mathias, was in abundance, so were the 
dingy Blues, Zizera karsandra , and Z. maha, but the latter and its 
variety diluta, preferred mud to any flowers. 
Other small things were Polyommatus baeticus, and the Skipper 
Gegenes nostrodamus, which was common at the flowers of Gaillardia 
and Marigold; unfortunately I secured but two specimens, probably 
because it is a dull and unattractive insect. Two or three Melitaea 
trivia also turned up at these favourite flowers. Hot far from the 
garden I took two more Hipparchia parisatis ; this as before did not 
appear to be much attracted by flowers, but settled on the ground 
where it was very inconspicuous. I observed it lean over from 20° 
to 30°, and even saw it walking about with a “ list ” of 20°. 
At Malakand we had the good luck to be just in time to see the fag 
end of the ticklish and much dreaded operation for the annual relief 
of the Chitral garrison. Indeed at Simla I had heard the Adjutant 
General say that some day the whole column would be cut up. 
This year the risk was considered greater than usual, and to support 
the relief marching up and the old garrison marching down, two 
battalions of infantry, a battery, a few cavalry, and many sappers 
with a train had been moved up to Chakdurra, 10 miles beyond 
Malakand, and the last post on the road to Chitral, which stands 
in splendid isolation 100 miles further. The troops we saw were 
a regiment of Panjab infantry (either the 24th, or 25th), Bengal 
Sappers and Miners, an immense mule train of baggage and ammuni¬ 
tion, and the 2nd battalion of the 4th Gurkas. The North-West men 
