60 
INDIA 
Amritsar, lat. 31° 40' N., alt. circa 750 ft. 
November 5th and 6th, 1903. 
At the sacred city of the Sikhs my collecting was practically 
confined to two gardens close to the hotel. Here a large dull brown 
butterfly, with somewhat of the Vanessa habit, spread itself perfectly 
flat upon the surface of the earth and more especially of the damp 
mud of the little irrigation channels, lying so close to the surface as 
to be with difficulty discerned, so exactly did it resemble the tint of 
the mud. I secured three which proved to be Euthalia garuda, 
Moore, all females. 
Papilio pammon was common; besides males I took one female 
of Wallace’s Form I, which differs but slightly from the male and 
hence is now termed pammon pammon. Of Precis almana I took one, 
of the ubiquitous Belenois mesentina likewise one, a female, but I 
was somewhat surprised to net a female Colias fieldii , since the great 
plain of the Panjab seemed an unlikely locality for the genus. 
Yphthima nareda, Koll., also occurred in the hotel garden, but 
was scarcely common; it flew close to the ground. 
What struck me most about the famous Golden Temple of 
the Sikhs, next to the general picturesqueness of its surroundings 
(and the filthiness of the water in its tank), was the tablet just 
within the great silver gates, erected by the British Baj to the 
memory of that famous party of the 15th Sikhs who defended their 
post on the frontier until every man had been killed. 
The famous carpet factory was at a standstill because the Moslem 
workmen were keeping the great Sikh festival! 
Delhi, lat. 28° 30' NT., alt. circa 700 ft. 
November 7th—12tli, 1903. 
When collecting in the fair Kudsia Gardens outside Delhi it 
was impossible not to be stirred by the historic associations of the 
ground. Between the northern walls of the city, the famous Bidge, 
and the mighty Jumna, scarcely more than a furlong from John 
Nicholson’s grave, there stands, nearly hidden by trees and flowering 
shrubs, all that is left of the Summer Palace of the kings of Delhi. 
Its crumbling walls, where not covered by Bougainvilleas or other 
creepers, bear testimony by many a bullet-mark and round-shot hole 
how fire-swept the place was during the long sweltering days of 
1857. Concrete blocks with suitable inscriptions mark the sites of 
the breaching batteries of the last stages of the siege—batteries 
