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INDIA 
to consist of at least seven or eight individuals. Altogether there 
were perhaps twent) 7- in and about that tree. This certainly estab¬ 
lishes the fact that D. plexippus is gregarious. Both Mr. S. E. Peal 
and Mr. F. Moller told me that they had never seen such a thing. 
However, some years afterwards I came across a letter from Prof. 
Vernon L. Kellog to Prof. E. B. Poulton, in which he says :— 
“ The Monarch Butterfly, Anosia plexippus, gathers each winter 
in thousands in a small forest of Pine trees on Point Pinos peninsula 
on the bay of Monterey. Sometimes these butterflies will gather in 
a single tree in great clusters and festoons; other winters they will 
not be so completely massed, but will be spread over a few acres of 
forest . . . our winter here is very mild; there are bright warm 
days all through it, and these butterflies do not by any means 
remain immovable during their hibernation.” 1 The butterfly here 
alluded to is the American Danaida archippus, Fabr. ( plexippus , 
Linn.), and is very closely allied to D. plexippus , Linn. ( genulia , 
Cram.) There is no doubt an error in the original record of locality, 
since Linnaeus’ description of plexippus applies to the Oriental 
insect. 
Just outside the garden gates is a populous village through 
which the road to Calcutta passes. A Calcutta merchant driving 
a friend home from the gardens one Sunday at night-fall found the 
bazar as usual crowded with men, women and children, all over the 
roadway. As ill luck would have it he knocked down and ran over 
a native. At the time Lord Curzon had been preaching a crusade 
against ill treatment of natives, and horrible thoughts passed through 
the driver’s mind of leading articles in the native Press. He stopped 
of course and got out to find a woman who was evidently dead ! All 
his fears were redoubled when a man ran up and said, “ Only old 
woman, Sahib ; my mother, Sahib.” The merchant began to pour 
out his regrets and his willingness to do anything in his power, 
when to his surprise the native said he would be quite satisfied with 
the payment of fifty rupees (about three guineas). His relief was 
immense, for he would gladly have paid ten times as much to get 
out of his difficulty, so he said that he was willing to give him that 
sum but that he had not so much money about him; however, if the 
man would call at ... (a well-known commercial address) at nine 
o’clock the next morning he would be paid. Accordingly he drove 
back to Calcutta with a load off his mind. On Monday morning, 
after he had been sitting in his counting-house for some hours, a 
clerk came in and said : “ By the way, sir, there is a native here who 
1 Proc. Ent. Soc . Land., 1904, p. xxiii. 
