DARJILING 79 
and a tailed Blue. At Jalapahar, 7500 ft., I got a female Huphina 
nadina, Luc. ( remba , Moore). 
The only chance was to go down into the valleys, but it takes 
long to descend, and as the butterflies are for the most part only 
“ at home ” from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., one does not get many hours’ 
collecting; moreover, from those precious hours there are deductions 
to be made for sunless intervals due to clouds, the shadows of woods, 
and the still deeper shadows of lofty mountains. 
My first expedition, lasting three days on horseback, was to the 
Tista valley, lying to the east of Darjiling. On December 17th, we 
went to Pash(5k, about 17 miles, sleeping at the Public Works 
Department rest-house, about 2300 ft. above the river, and about 
3000 ft. above the sea, a delightfully situated lonely bungalow in 
the woods, where the air was filled with the chirrupping of cicadas, a 
sound that hugely delighted my daughter’s ayah. 
When we got down to about 4000 ft. above sea-level insects 
began to be fairly numerous, although it was late in the day for 
butterflies. Vanessa kashmirensis was common, and with them were 
several Pyrameis indica. I secured two of the handsome White 
Hiposcritia lalage (argyridana , But!.), both females. Several Neptis 
astola were seen, mostly worn. At a shady turn of the road I 
got Lethe rohria, Fabr., an aegeria-ltize Satyrid butterfly; close by 
Arrhopala areste, Hew., flashed azure in the sunlight, but a specimen 
of another beautiful Lycaenid, Spindasis vulcanus, Fabr., was badly 
battered. Of Zemeros flegyas , Cram., and Abisara fylla , Doubl., I 
netted one each, and a large bee, Bombus (?) funerarius, Smith, a male, 
tempted me to catch him. 
In the wood in which the rest-house stands Mycalesis indistans 
was in abundance; this is a typical shade-lover; when kicked up 
from the herbage it flaps about three yards like our Epinephele 
janira, and then settles on dead leaves or on the earth. Some of 
them had a slight “ list,” but this did not seem to be a marked habit, 
possibly because this position is not so advantageous in shade as in 
sunlight, though the habit was first noticed in Melanitis, a typical 
shade-loving genus. The existence of shade-loving butterflies might 
seem to be correlated to a tropical sun, but even in England Pararge 
aegeria and Epinephele hyperanthus, still more Leueophasia sinapis, 
are what I should term partial shade-lovers. 
In the same wood, also in the shade, Terias laeta and T. hecabe 
were both plentiful, and in sunnier glades the common Indian Blue, 
Lampides celeno , was both abundant and gregarious. In a young 
Cinchona plantation close by I found Ganoris canidia; a Blue, 
