86 
INDIA 
eucharis (which was common) bears the note, “ has a scent much like 
rapae,” and the specimen appears to have been wilfully rubbed. My 
observations on butterflies in England show that in some cases 
females have a scent, but not like, or as strong as the males. My 
strong impression is that the male of D. eucharis has the rapae , or 
sweet-briar scent. 
The three species of Terias , viz. hecabe , libythea, and laeta, were 
all common; one of the laeta appeared to have been bitten by a bird. 
Nychitona xiphia was not uncommon, and several Ixias marianne 
were seen. Chilades varunana (according to de Niceville the wet- 
season form of C. laius) was common about irrigated flower-beds, 
indeed Blues are wonderfully fond of water. The only butterfly seen 
at Bankapur that was at all out of the common, besides Limenitis 
procris, was the large grey Lycaenid Virachola isocrates , Eabr., of 
which I took one at flowers in the Commissioner’s garden. I noted 
that its hind-wings were much folded posterior to the tails, the con¬ 
vexities of the folds being towards the upper surface. These foldings 
of the wings are not well seen in set specimens. 
Although Bankapur is far from being a good locality, it will give 
some idea of the abundance of butterflies in India when I say that in 
mid-winter, December 24th, I took in a suburban garden within 
three-quarters of an hour no less than ten species, some of them 
represented by numerous individuals. 
Buddha Gaya, lat. 24° 42' N., alt. circa 500 ft. 
December 30th and 31st, 1903. 
Though the revived cult of Buddha has no attractions for me, it 
was impossible not to be stirred at visiting another of the places 
especially consecrated to his memory. 
The temple marks the spot where Gautama sat in meditation 
under the Pipal, or Bo-tree, until he became Buddha, the Enlightened 
One, something like 2500 years ago. The present Bo-tree (Ficus 
religiosa) does not appear to be very old, but that at Anuradhapura, 
in Ceylon, which is stated to have been a slip of the original tree, is 
very much older. Some portions of the stone “ rail ” placed round 
the tree by the Emperor Asoka, about 250 b.c., still remain. The 
low reliefs carved thereon are very Greek in character (like most 
of the early Buddhist sculptures of Northern India), and the Hindu 
guide showed us what appeared to be a representation of Apollo 
with four horses driving the Sun. This guide, a b&bu of the Public 
