MADURA 
107 
doves/’ doubtless pretty much the same as those that stood in another 
temple nearly nineteen centuries ago. 
Madura was about the least productive place that I visited. 
Banaida cJirysippus was scarcely common. A male Huphina nerisscc 
gave out the sweet-briar scent quite strongly. I saw several Telchinia 
violae upon a railway bank. Precis oenone was fairly common; on the 
other hand P. almana was commoner here, about the irrigation ditches 
bordering meadows, than at any place I visited; they were of the 
“ intermediate dry ” form. P. lemonias was also abundant, some of 
them being very brightly coloured. 
In a grove of young palms near the river a singular dragon-fly, 
Rhyothemis variegata, Linn., was tolerably common; the tips of its 
wings are transparent and colourless, but the basal three-fifths of the 
fore-wings, and the basal five-sixths of the hind-wings, are light- 
brown with a bold dark-brown pattern somewhat suggestive of 
tortoise-shell. I saw what was probably the same creature in the 
Kudsia Gardens at Delhi, flying near the tops of trees, and then, 
as now, took it for a Heliconius-like butterfly, which it somewhat 
resembles on the wing. Not knowing that any butterfly of that 
shape was found in India I was greatly excited at seeing it, and 
proportionately disappointed when at last its capture was effected. 1 
Madura was the last place in India at which I collected. 
On the voyage from Tuticorin to Colombo I met the wife of a mis¬ 
sionary from Travancore. She had assisted her husband by working 
in the zenanas, and two results of her experiences greatly interested 
me. Strongly prejudiced as she was against the whole system, she 
told us that it had been a great surprise to her to find “ so much 
beautiful family life within the zenana.” It had been another sur¬ 
prise to discover that the women had such great influence on the 
conduct of public affairs. 
This last fact seemed to offer some explanation of the existence 
of such a capable woman-ruler as the Begum of Bhopal, and of such 
a heroine as the Maharani of Jhansi, who was cut down by one of 
our men when charging at the head of her troops in 1858, 
1 Compare Prof. R. G. Punnett’s experience, “ Spolia Zeylanica,” Vol. VII,, Part 
XXV., p. 22 (1910). 
