KYOTO 
137 
was not shining at the time, and another specimen found nearer 
the city listed some 15° to either side. The only other Satyrine 
butterfly met with was Yphthima philomela, Johanss., f. zodia, Butl., 
being the extreme wet-season form; five specimens were taken 
close to the town. The hind-wing is fluted as in the preceding 
species. 
The commonest Nymphaline seen was Neptis eurynome , the spring 
form, called by Moore sangaica. Of the familiar Palaearctic Grapta 
G-album , Linn., I took a single specimen. 
The Blues were represented by five species, but only one of them, 
Curetis far acuta-, de Nicev., with underside gleaming silver-white, 
was of distinctly Oriental character; of this a single individual was 
captured in a wood near Kyoto. The insignificant Zizera maha , 
f. diluta , as well as Everes argiades , Pallas, f. hellotia , Menet., would 
seem to be widely distributed in Japan, but the commonest Blue in 
the Kyoto district was Gyaniris ladonides. The Small Copper, 
Chrysophanus phlaeas , Linn., f. turcicus , G-erh., naturally reminded 
one of home; it was common at Kyoto, and also occurred at Arashi- 
yama, some five miles to the westward. 
At most places that I have visited there is a Common White; 
at the old Japanese capital, and in the neighbourhood, e.g. at Kami 
Sakomoto, and Arashiyama, this was Ganoris melete} The £ has a 
distinct, fairly strong, lemon-verbena scent, a fact confirmed by 
Major H. A. Pratt, K.A.; this butterfly is very nearly related to our 
G. napi, which is well known to have the same scent. 
Terias hecabe, f. anenome, Feld. (? mandarina , de TOrza), without 
black markings, was common in the woods at the foot of Mt. Hieizan 
and also at Arashiyama; those taken were of the wet-season form. 
Of the singularly shaped Orange-tip Euchloe scolymus , Butl., three 
specimens were secured. 
The three Swallow-tails, Papilio demetrius , Cram., P. machaon, 
Linn., and P. xuthulus (the spring form of xuthus, Linn.), were all 
common, indeed one or other of the yellow species was not infre¬ 
quently seen in the principal streets, where it seemed quite in keeping 
with its artistic surroundings. 
Two specimens of the black Halpc varia ) Murray, occurred on 
Mt. Hieizan—rising about 2700 ft. some four miles to the north-east 
of the city; with them were several of the commoner Japanese 
1 Dr. F. A. Dixey says that my specimens do not agree with Menetries’ descrip¬ 
tion, but do agree with Leech’s figure. They are the G. aglaope , Motschulsky, which 
is identical with megamera, Butl., and is, according to Leech, the Japanese spring 
form of melete , Menetries. 
