140 
JAPAN 
Janson, and P. demetrius, which were common, and P. Manor (de- 
haani, Feld.), of which several were seen. 
Some species, on the other hand, were not met with (or at any 
rate not captured) below 2000 ft., and were mostly seen between that 
altitude and 3000 ft. Such were Vanessa io } Linn., of which I took 
a somewhat small and dull coloured specimen, and Major Pratt saw 
another; F. antiopa , Linn., a specimen was seen by Mrs. Pratt; of the 
common Blues, Cyaniris ladonides and Everes argiades, var. hellotia , 
two each were taken, on the Shiojiri-toge, 1 at about 3100 ft. I 
secured two of the very distinct Satsuma ferrea , Butl., which is 
steely-blue above, black beneath, with gimped wing margins— 
very Japanese-looking. Pierines were fairly numerous; females of 
Gonepteryx rhamni , Linn., were abundant up to 3000 ft., especially 
above Fukushima; one specimen had been so pecked by a bird as to 
make a notch on all four wings in the part where they overlap when 
the butterfly is at rest; only a single female was netted, and this was 
faded and worn as if it had hibernated. Of Leptosia amurensis, Menet., 
the Eastern form of our Wood-White, several were taken on the Shio¬ 
jiri-toge ; flying with it was the even more familiar Ganoris rapae , 
Linn. The males of the last-named had the characteristic sweet-briar 
scent; a female was very dark. At about 2000 ft. I was much 
interested in taking a specimen of Parnassius citrinarius, Motsch.; 
possibly others were seen, but it was not practicable to stop to pursue 
them. Near Wada, circa 3500 ft., at about 3 p.m. on May 10th, a 
gorgeous peacock-blue Swallow-tail was seen quietly flitting to and 
fro over a small flooded paddy-field; at first it looked as if wet feet 
and muddy legs would be needed for its capture, but patience was 
rewarded, the sacrifice proved unnecessary, and a magnificent specimen 
of Papilio maacJdi, Menet. ( tutanus , Fenton) was secured. It is possible 
that a butterfly seen on May 7th, on lower ground, belonged to the 
same species. [Plate I., Fig. 5.] 
To this list of Highland forms may be added Hesperia maculata, 
Brem. & G-rey, like our Syrichthus malvae , Linn., but handsomer; 
it was common above 2300 ft. Another Skipper, Tagiades montanus, 
which was common throughout the journey, occurred at the summit 
of the Torii-toge, at a height of 4000 ft. 
Other butterflies that were found indifferently on higher and 
lower ground were Neptis sangaica (this was, however, distinctly 
commoner the first day, on the lower part of the road); Euchloe 
scolymus , which was not common; Ganoris melete , in some numbers, 
1 N.B.—Toge = pass, yamsf = moun tain, = r * ver > Shima = island. 
