282 
WEST INDIES AND SOUTH AMEEICA 
Montego Bay, Walderston, Spanish Town, Port Antonio (swarming 
on Shotover). A brilliant insect appearing very red upon the wing, 
and reminding me of an Acraea. Although it could fly about wildly 
enough, several males were seen one afternoon fluttering among dead 
leaves close to the ground. I do not detect any difference between 
Jamaican and South American specimens, save that the former are 
usually smaller and often brighter. 
Euptoieta Jiegesia , Cram. 12 specimens. Widely distributed but 
in most places scarce. Constant Spring, Temple Hall, Montego Bay 
(common near the hotel, also found on the sandy shore), Walderston, 
Port Antonio (common in a swampy meadow near the shore to the 
east, but in swarms on the top of Shotover). Jamaican specimens 
have the orbicular and reniform stigmata less clearly outlined than 
those from the Spanish Main; moreover the ground-colour is a 
brighter tawny. This insect reminded me of Atella phalantha , Drury. 
Phyciodes frisia , Poey. 5 specimens. This little butterfly was 
confined to the Liguanean plain and the hills bounding it on the 
north, and was not common. Constant Spring, Stoney Hill, near 
Gordon Town, Spanish Town. 
Precis lavinia, Cram. 8 specimens, all males. Constant Spring, 
Chancery Hall, Mandeville, Port Antonio. It usually settles on or 
near the ground, frequenting hot, dry, exposed places. Is wary and 
not easy to catch. 
The nomenclature of this very variable and wide-ranging species 
(from the Southern United States to the Argentine) has long been in 
great confusion, but has been cleared up by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, 
who has recently re-arranged the genus in the National Collection. 
Cramer named three forms, all from Surinam, lavinia, evarete , and 
genoveva. It appears to me that Mr. Marshall is quite correct in 
uniting these under the first name, together with the Northern 
form coenia , Hiibn. (the name adopted by Messrs. Godman and Salvin 
in the “ Biologia Centrali-Americana ”). 
Jamaican specimens, usually known by local collectors as Junonia 
genoveva , Cram., are, as a rule, brighter than those from South 
America, with the transverse white band near the tip of the fore¬ 
wing fairly conspicuous, being of the form zonalis, Feld. 1 They are 
somewhat intermediate in character, between the South American 
and North American forms, to the latter of which specimens in the 
Hope Collection from the Bahamas approach more nearly. 
1 H. Fruhstorfer ( Stett . Ent. Zeit ., 1907, p. 224) comes to the same conclusion as 
Marshall as to Cramer’s three forms, but makes the Cuban form {zonalis according to 
Marshall) a new sub-species michaelisi. 
