MT. LAVINIA—KALUTARA 
339 
race of Y. hubneri , Kirby. Its white hind-wings make it, superficially 
at any rate, the most distinct species in the genus. So far as my 
authorities tell me, the typical hubneri is not found in Ceylon. At 
Kallar, in the Mlgiris, in 1904, I took both forms. At Mt. Lavinia 
ceylonica was abundant, especially in the Cinnamon Garden, flying 
close to the ground, its white hind-wings being very conspicuous; 
it settled with wings half opened and with tail to the sun. 
It was rather a surprise to find Nymphalines so scarce, there were 
not many species, and none of them were common. A few Precis 
atlites , Linn., represented a genus that is generally much in evidence. 
Two or three Atella phalantha, Drury, occurred near the hotel, a few 
Neptis varmona , Moore, in the Cinnamon Garden. Elymnias fraterna, 
Butl. (which Bingham considered to be an insular race of E. undularis , 
Drury), was rather common; it often flies in bushes, or, if not, close 
to the ground. I noted that at 4 p.m. it was hard to make the insect 
fly clear of cover, so that it was aggravatingly difficult to catch. 
The male has a decided odour of vanilla-scented chocolate, but my 
wife compared it to “ very strong honey, or coarse brown sugar.” Two 
Telchinia violae , Fabr., one of each sex, were captured. 
The commonest of the Danaines was Grastia asela, Moore, which 
•was regarded by Bingham, I think rightly, as a race of core, Cram. 
Its slow heavy flight was noted. Both sexes had the strong acetylene¬ 
like odour, especially perceptible in the field, sometimes marked 
when fluttering in the net. The impression produced was that the 
scent was associated with the protruded caudal tufts; the yellow 
juice expressed on pinching was tasteless. Parantica aglea, Cram. 
{ceylanica, Feld.), was almost as common as the last; both had a quite 
feline tenacity of life, and both had a similar scent—a scent common 
to both sexes; both species have a heavy flight. 
Considering that Skippers were so numerous at Kandy it is 
remarkable that at Mt. Lavinia I took but one example of the group, 
a female Parnara mathias , Fabr. 
An expedition by rail to Kalutara (also on the coast, but some 
20 miles south of Mt. Lavinia) produced many of the above-named 
insects, but only one fresh species, Tirumala septentrionis, Butl., 
which seemed to take the place of Parantica aglea. Like the other 
Danaines, septentrionis appeared to have many lives, but, unlike them, 
the male had a rather pleasant scent, a scent which appeared to have 
no connection with the pouches on the hind-wings. Subsequent 
observations at Haragama confirmed the existence of this scent in 
the male, which I sometimes compared with that of Clover. But in 
one instance it is noted of a female: “ Slight Stephanotis scent in the 
