KANDY 
345 
Crastia asela was quite one of the commonest species, and I 
devoted some little time to the study of its scent. The results of 
my observations are not all quite concordant, but one thing is 
proved beyond a doubt, viz. that the scent is not peculiar to either 
sex, though it was not observed in every individual examined. My 
general impression is that the scent was strongest in the female. 
The scent is usually described in my notes as resembling that of 
acetylene, but in some specimens, mostly females, it had a very 
pungent character compared to that of acetic acid as in the Whip 
Scorpion, Thelyphonus. In one instance the pungent odour adhered 
to the fingers after pinching the insect. It is notable that in the 
same specimen the yellow juice was found to be tasteless, or nearly 
so. I appear to have examined the juice in five specimens; in two 
males it is noted as tasteless; in one male as “ ? slightly bitter ” ; 
in two females as nearly tasteless. Though these butterflies were 
tenacious of life and were often found to be alive when the papers 
were opened for examination in the house, a large proportion proved 
to be scentless, whence I infer that the scent is more volatile than in 
Pierines. At first I was under the impression that the scent was 
evolved by the peculiar anal tufts of the male, but I was able to 
negative this idea entirely. (1) The scent is even stronger in the 
female than in the male. (2) The tufts were often protruded without 
any emission of scent. (3) In eight specimens the abdomen was 
amputated, but in no instance could any scent be connected with 
the severed body; on the other hand, the scent seemed to come 
from the base of the wings, or possibly from the thorax. Though in 
no instance resembling that of Pademma, the brand of the male varies 
much in size, in one specimen it was obsolescent. This, be it remem¬ 
bered, is not a mere colour variation, for the brand is a definite structure. 
Authorities seem to be agreed that Pademma sinhala, Moore, is 
the Ceylon race of the Indian hollari , Feld. It is extremely like 
Crastia asela, differing chiefly in the brand of the male; both my 
specimens, males, appear to have been captured under the impression 
that they were the commoner species. Both specimens were 
tenacious of life, both had the acetylene odour in the field; one of 
them had no scent in the house, but on pinching it a second time, 
the tufts were protruded and there was a momentary strong acetylene 
scent. I found the yellow juice tasteless. 
Of Narmada montana, Feld,, which is perhaps the Ceylon race 
of cor eta, Godart ( coreoides , Moore), I took four males at Kandy. 
One or two of these were recognized during flight, 1 though very like 
1 So also Col. N. Manders, Proc, Zool, Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 708. 
