422 
THE SUDAN 
Palaearctic and Oriental insects previously named. Such are Papilio 
demodocus, Catopsilia florella, Leuceronia buquetii, Herpaenia eriphia, 
Calopieris eulimine, Teracolus protomedia, T. daira , T. chrysonome, T. 
ephyia, T. halimede, T. phisadia, T. eupompe, T. liagore, and T. evarne , 
Virachola antalus, and Lamoria imbella. 
So far as my slight opportunities enabled me to hazard an opinion, 
the Palaearctic fauna of Egypt extends almost unchanged as far south 
as Wadi Haifa. It would, of course, require much study on the spot 
to define the line, if such there be, north of which Ethiopian species 
do not range. The line of demarcation may safely be assumed to be 
different for different species. For instance, the African butterfly, 
Catochrysops eleusis, is as abundant at Abu Simbel in Nubia, and even 
at Aswan, as it is at Khartum ; one or two Sudanese moths also, as 
I have mentioned, extend into Nubia; nevertheless I was distinctly 
impressed with the idea that it was south of the Nubian desert, 
roughly speaking at the river Atbara (say 17° 30' N.), that I first 
came in contact with the Ethiopian fauna, though, on the other hand, 
forms which occur in the Palaearctic Province were common enough 
at Khartum and even south of it, but these were for the most part 
wide-ranging, if not actually cosmopolitan species. 
The Hon. N. C. Kothschild stayed for some time at Nakheila, on 
the Atbara, in 1904, where he and his companions, the Hon. F. E. 
Henley and Mr. A. F. N. Wollaston, took several species of Teracolus 
and other insects that I met with at Khartum or south of it. 1 Mr. 
Eothschild informs me that he thinks the Teracoli probably extend 
as far northwards as the thin Acacia scrub, that is to say, to some 
point north of the Atbara, but south of Wadi Haifa. 
It is interesting to compare with my captures those of Mr. W. L. 
S. Loat, F.Z.S., 2 in 1901 and 1902. Many species are common to the 
two lists, but not only had he somewhat more time than was at my 
disposal, but a large number of his insects were taken as far south as 
lat. 5° N., whereas I did not get beyond 12° 40' N.; it was therefore 
only to be expected that, as compared with my captures, his were 
more strongly Ethiopian, including, e.g., a Neptis and two species of 
Acraea. Mr. Loat took 11 species of Teracolus, I took 10; six 
species are common to the two lists. 
As regards the Hymenoptera Mr. Morice writes me: “ I may 
say that the only insects I had previously examined from Khartum 
and the White Nile, were those taken by the Swedish expedition five 
1 Novitates Zoologicae , 1905, vol. xii., pp. 21, 22. 
2 “On Lepidoptera from the White Nile,” by F. A. Dixey, M.D., F.R.S., Trans 
Ent. Soc. Lond ., 1903, p. 141. 
