SCENTS 
497 
[Amauris echeria , Boisd. (S. Africa). In this distinct, but closely 
allied species, Mr. G. A. K. Marshall found a strong smell which 
reminded him somewhat of that emitted by many Ladybirds.] 
Euploea ( Croatia,) core, Cram. (India, 1903-4). A male had a 
faint scent that suggested to me rancid oil, or old lamps. Mr. 
Edwin Scott compared the strong scent of a male to acetylene. 1 At 
that time I thought the scent was connected with the anal tufts. 
At Matheran, 1908, I confirmed this scent in three males and two 
females; in one of the latter it is described as " musk-rat + acety¬ 
lene,” but in two specimens I noted the scent (when examined 
in the house) as like that of acetic acid, although in the same speci¬ 
mens I had in the field noted the odour of acetylene. Doubtless 
the scent has two elements, one more persistent than the other. 
One male was noted as emitting no scent though the tufts were 
everted. 
Euploea ( Crastia ) asela, Moore. (Ceylon, 1908). In thirty-two 
out of thirty-eight males and in seventeen out of nineteen females 
examined a scent was noted in the field. In four males and one 
female my notes record that no scent was detected, as regards the 
others they are silent. Again, it is clearly recorded that on re¬ 
examination in the hotel in thirteen males and five females no 
scent could be detected, moreover when a scent vjas noted at home it 
was in the large majority of specimens (especially among males) 
much fainter than it had been in the field. 
In both sexes the scent varied considerably in strength: it was, 
I think, quite as strong in the females as in the males, though 
certainly the three specimens in which the scent was strong enough 
to be obvious through the net were all males. In one male the 
scent was described as not unpleasant; in five examples—one male, 
four females—it is described as pungent and compared to acetic acid. 
To one female the note is: “ strong pungent odour, acetic acid : 
distinct at home, still pungent (insect alive). The scent adhered to 
the fingers after pinching.” 
As with Parantica the scent of Crastia would appear to be more 
volatile than in the Pierinae or in Danaida. 
Having abundant material I made some endeavour to ascertain 
the source of the scent. Fifteen times it is noted that the male 
genital tufts were fully everted when the insect was examined, 
nevertheless in five no scent could be detected, although in the 
others it was more or less strong. There is a special note to one 
specimen : “ the acetylene odour seemed to come from the tufts,” but, 
1 See above, pp. 95, 96. 
2 K 
