504 
BIONOMIC NOTES 
results; in the other seven the scent varied from slight to strong, 
and was described as “disagreeable,” “like acetylene,” or “like 
hazeline.” In one male and one female the scent was so strong as 
to be easily discerned when the butterfly was fluttering in the net. 
Five of the above butterflies were captured in Trinidad on 
April 14th, 1907, and were examined for scent when their enclosing 
papers were opened at Oxford on May 6th, or three weeks after 
death. One of them— E. euryades, $—had none; the others— 
H. hydarus , 3 & 1 ?—had a slight, but quite decided, scent. Yet, 
curiously enough, in the case of two of these male hydarus , I did not 
find it possible on the day of capture to be sure that they had any 
perceptible scent. Finally, when a drawer containing all my black 
and red Heliconii was opened on July 15th, or three months after 
death, the odour, though faint and evanescent, was distinctly 
perceptible in spite of the presence of naphthalene. 
I have since heard from a professional setter of butterflies, 
whose name I do not know, that he had often noticed when setting 
Heliconii , that they had a peculiar scent. 
Heliconius charithonius , Linn. (Jamaica, 1907). With this species 
the majority of observations gave negative results, nevertheless in 
three males and two females a slight pleasant flowery scent was 
detected. In one example of each sex this was confirmed by my 
wife, who described the odour as sweet. 
Acraeinae. 
[. Actinote thalia , Linn. (Brazil, 1878). Fritz Muller noted a 
disgusting odour in both sexes.] 
In 1907 at Caracas I failed to detect any scent in Actinote 
antaeas , Dbl. & H. 
[ Planema aganice Hew. (S. Africa, 1905). Dr. Dixey stated 
that the green juice exuded from a male specimen had a by no 
means unpleasant odour like that of a crushed cabbage leaf.] 
Acraea alboradiata , Auriv. (S. Africa, 1905). Dr. Dixey and 
concur in stating that both sexes have a distinct musty odour, like 
old hay or straw. 
Acraea anemosa , Hew. (S. Africa, 1905). Dr. Dixey and I are 
in substantial agreement. The males have a musty odour, which 
Dr. Dixey also found in a female. Mr. G. A. K. Marshall says that 
this is the only Acraea in which he has noticed a strong odour. 
Acraea encedon , Linn. (S. Africa, 1905). I found a slight 
unpleasant odour in both sexes. 
Acraea doubledayi , Guer. (S. Africa, 1905). Dr. Dixey and I 
concur as to a musty odour in the male; I found it in the female also. 
