544 
BIONOMIC NOTES 
Mortehoe, August 11, 1907. A specimen settled on the ground, 
oriented, wings three-quarters open. 
Mortehoe, August 15, 1907. A specimen settled on grass; across 
the sun, wings closed. It was disturbed by a <£ E, janira , it 
settled again and this time oriented and closed its wings, 
making no shadow. 
Same place and day. A settled on a leaf, oriented, wings open. 
Same place and day. A $ seen to settle three times on leaves, with 
wings open; twice it faced the sun and then partially adjusted 
itself; the third time it oriented correctly. 
Same place and day. A $ settled on grass, oriented, wings half to 
fully open. 
Same place and day. A $ on a bramble leaf, oriented, wings three- 
quarters to fully open : it was twice observed to close its wings, 
leaving little shadow; the eye-spot on the fore-wing was 
exposed. 
Same place and day. A $ on a leaf of Heradeum, wings three- 
quarters open, oriented; it momentarily closed its wings, leaving 
no shadow. 
Same place and day. A $ on a bramble leaf, oriented, wings three- 
quarters open. 
Same place and day. A & on a bramble leaf, wings quite open, 
imperfectly oriented. 
Same place and day. A $ twice seen settled across the sun, wings 
closed, but eye-spot visible. 
Mortehoe, August 22, 1907. A $ oriented, wings three-quarters 
open. 
Mortehoe, August 24, 1907. A £ half-oriented. 
Same place and day. A $ on a leaf, imperfectly oriented. 
j Epinephele hyjperanthus, Linn.—This is a restless butterfly, and 
takes long to settle; however, I have this note:— 
Mortehoe, July 20, 1906. Four E . hyjperanthus seen to orient, with 
wings three-quarters open. 
During May, 1905, hybernated specimens of Vanessa io , Linn., 
were unusually common at Mortehoe, and the attitudes of at least 
fifteen different individuals were noted on seven different days. Of 
these, eleven, or three-fourths, oriented themselves correctly so as to 
turn their tails to the sun. Of the minority, the one-fourth that 
settled otherwise than with tail to the sun, two were settled on the 
flowers of the Wild Hyacinth or Blue-bell ( Scilla nutans ), and of 
these one was facing the sun. A third specimen, settled on flowers 
