552 
BIONOMIC NOTES 
Constant Spring, Jamaica, January 3rd, 1907. A. jatrophae. Orients, 
but not very accurately; often closes its wings, and is then very 
cryptic among whitish dead grass. 
Same place, January 5th. A. jatrophae. The commonest Nympha- 
line: flies fast, close to the ground, looking very white. Usually 
settles on the ground or close to it; does not frequent flowers 
much; settles with the wings fully expanded, but often closes 
them over its back. Orients, but not accurately. Has, however, 
been noted with its wings up facing the sun ; also once or twice 
across the sun. 
Eamble, Jamaica, January 24th, 1907. A. jatrophae. Orients. 
Montego Bay, Jamaica, February 2nd, 1907. A. jatrophae, seen twice 
to settle on the whitish sand of the seashore, to orient and close 
its wings, making no shadow. 
Port Antonio, Jamaica, March 4th, 1907. The sun nearly vertical. 
Victorina stelenes , Linn., settled on leaves, once facing the sun, 
once head downwards, tail to the sun, wings closed and no 
shadow. 
Eamble, Jamaica, January 24th, 1907. Cystineura dorcas, Fabr. Flies 
very slowly, close to the ground. Settles with wings nearly 
wide open, but it sometimes closes and then quickly re-opens 
them. When feeding on flowers, especially the Composite, 
Bidens leucanthus, W., it is indifferent as to its position with 
regard to the sun, but otherwise it usually orients, though it 
occasionally faces the sun. 
Observations in Ceylon, 1908. 
Precis iphita, Cram. This species was often observed. It most 
often settled with its wings closed, but frequently they were fully 
expanded. Though one specimen was seen to settle twice across the 
sun, it more usually either faced the sun or turned its tail to it. 
Vanessa haronica, Moore. One seen to orient with its wings 
closed. 
Yphthima ceylonica, Hew. This species, which keeps close to the 
ground, settled occasionally with the wings open, more often half 
open, but most commonly closed. As regards orientation, it was 
noted to have its tail to the sun ten times (once by adjustment), as 
asainst seven times that it was across the sun. 
Ergolis taprobana, Westw., and E. ariadne, Linn. These may be 
conveniently taken together. They have a skimming or gliding flight 
which is not always checked by rain. They settle commonly with 
