558 
BIONOMIC NOTES 
to list three times to the right, slightly, and once to the left, 
strongly. 
Satyrus semele , Linn.—The behaviour of this butterfly may be 
compared with that of the last-named. 
Mortehoe, July 20th, 1906. A number of S. semele observed to settle. 
All put their wings up; two oriented with tail to sun; one 
faced the sun; twenty-four placed themselves across the sun, 
of these one was noted as listing about 30° towards the sun, but 
eight listed away from the sun, only one, however, to an extreme 
degree. 
Same place and day. Three S. semele put into a large glass-covered 
box. Observed the same afternoon, at 6 p.m., in sunlight; all 
three were sitting across the sun and listed away from it 35°, 
45°, and 55° respectively. 
Mortehoe, July 31st, 1906. Several semele noted, settled across, and 
tilted a little away from the sun. 
Mortehoe, August 22nd, 1907. Three semele observed at rest, all across 
the sun, and listed away from it 30°, 40°, and 25° respectively. 
Lundy Island, August 27th, 1907. A semele listed away from the sun 
about 50°. 
Here I may insert an observation made by Mr. E. G. Waddilove 
at Bournemouth in the autumn of 1906 : — 
“A Grayling settled on a patch of bare black peat-earth, 
shut up its wings vertically and crawled at once some two yards 
to the edge of the patch to where some fir-needles, a cone or 
two, and a few brittle twigs were lying, and then becoming 
stationary threw itself over at an angle of some 45° square to 
the sun. It thus became quite indistinguishable from its sur¬ 
roundings.” (From a letter to the author.) 
The late Mr. C. G. Barrett, in an admirable account of the habits 
of the same butterfly, wrote as follows:— 
“ . . . it even seems to lie down sideways, or at any rate to 
so greatly slope its closed wings as to appear prostrate.” 1 
Epinephele janira , Linn.—Our commonest butterfly is especially 
interesting, since its habits are irregular and partake of those of 
C. pamphilus and S. semele. 
“ Lepidoptera of the British Islands,” 1893, vol. i. p. 85 : 
