564 
BIONOMIC NOTES 
manner; the experiment was repeated several times with the same 
specimen, always with the same result. 1 
As before stated Mr. G. A. K. Marshall insists on the relevant 
fact that orienting butterflies are very much on the alert, moreover 
in a letter to the author he says that he has observed that three 
S. African butterflies, Precis cebrene and Hamanumida daedalus, at 
Salisbury, and Mycalesis campina , Auriv., in Chirinda forest, when 
sunning themselves closed their wings with a snap when a heavy 
cloud passed over the sun. 
It would be most interesting if it could be shown that orienting 
butterflies on the approach of an enemy close their wings in the 
same manner. To obtain such evidence might well be difficult, but 
good evidence on the point would be crucial. 
§ 10. The Inverted Rest Attitude of Lycaenids and some other 
Butterflies. 
It was at Benares, at the end of 1903, that my attention was 
first drawn to the fact that the curious lobes at the anal angle 
of the hind-wings of certain Lycaenids—species of the genera 
Aphnaeus, Pratapa, and Bapala —are everted so as to be nearly at 
right angles to the plane of the wing. The diagram on p. 69 supra 
(Fig. 5) shows that this eversion of the lobe helped in the suggestion 
of a head at the posterior end of the body. The original sketch for 
the diagram was made before I had heard of the “ false head theory.” 
The resemblance would of course be more striking if the Lycaenids 
in question, like so many of the family, habitually rest with the 
head downwards. 
Prof. Poulton discussed the “ false head ” at some length in his 
notes to Mr. G. A. K. Marshall’s paper on “ The Bionomics of South 
African Insects.” 2 He there showed by a reference to Kirby and 
Spence that the resemblance of the tails of some Lycaenids to 
antennae was observed early in the nineteenth century. I venture 
to give the passage in full:— 
Dr. Arnold has made a curious observation (confirmed by 
Dr. Forstrom with respect to others of the genus) on the 
use of the long processes or tails that distinguish the 
secondary wings of Hesperia iarbas. These processes, he 
remarks, resemble antennae, and when the butterfly is sit¬ 
ting it keeps them in constant motion; so that at first sight 
1 Entomological Record , vol. xviii., 1906, p. 214. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond ., 1902, pp. 373-875. 
