602 
APPENDIX 
It is, however, very different with the important and interest¬ 
ing subject dealt with in this Appendix. With the exception of 
one or two brief notes and a single paper of great importance 
(Trans. Ent. Soc. y 1878, p. 211), nothing written by Eritz Muller 
on the production and emission of scents by butterflies and moths 
has hitherto appeared in this country. When, therefore, my friend, 
Mr. E. A. Elliott, very kindly consented to translate Fritz Muller’s 
papers for me, it appeared that by far the best use that could be made 
of those which dealt with this subject would be to publish them in 
close association with later work along the same lines. Such work 
has attracted the attention of my two friends, Dr. F. A. Dixey and 
Dr. G. B. Longstaff, the former for many years, the latter more 
recently. I was, therefore, extremely pleased when Dr. Longstaff 
agreed to publish these translations as an Appendix to a volume in 
which Dr. Dixey’s and his own researches on the scents of butterflies 
are brought together. Dr. Longstaff, when he first read these papers, 
expressed the regret that he had not known of them during his 
South American journeys. That regret need now be felt no more 
by any English naturalist; for the difficulty of the language and 
the still greater difficulty of the medium of publication are alike 
removed in the following translations. 
It is important to remember that many of Fritz Muller’s 
observations here recorded still remain unique and unconfirmed. 
The power of distinguishing the scents emitted from particular 
organs on the wings, legs, or body of Lepidoptera, a power which Fritz 
Muller and his children (p. 611) exhibited in so remarkable a 
degree, has hitherto only rarely been possessed by other naturalists. 
Now, however, that these many records are published in a collected 
form, we may hope that still further attention will be directed to 
this aspect of the subject. 
Among the observations in the following papers which become 
of special interest in the light of recent work, I may mention the 
peculiar development of air-vessels beneath the scent-brands (pp. 612, 
637), a subject on which Dr. Dixey contributed a paper to Section D 
of the Portsmouth meeting of the British Association in the present 
year (1911). Furthermore, Fritz Muller’s suggestions that there is 
connection between the anal brushes and the scent-pockets on the 
