INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
603 
hind-wings of male Danainae (p. 619) becomes of the greatest 
importance in relation to Mr. W. A. Lamborn’s recent discovery 
that the scent-brands of the African Danaine genus Amauris are 
actually stroked with the brushes ( Proc . Ent. Soc. f 1911, pp. xlvi- 
xlvii). Attention must be also directed to the interesting evidence 
of “ convergent ” evolution supplied by the scent-organs described in 
the sixth paper. The striking statement with which this memoir 
concludes will come as a surprise to many readers, especially when 
they remember the date of publication—1878. It should be noted, 
however, that the scales of Lepidoptera are so extremely variable in 
form and size—as may be seen even upon the surface of one and the 
same wing—that the independent production of almost any organ 
that conld arise from modified scales would appear to be an usually 
easy task for convergent evolution. In contrast with the argument 
for convergence derived from the scent-organs is the masterly use, 
in the last four papers, of the same structures as evidence for syste¬ 
matic affinity. 
In conclusion, I desire to thank Mr. E. A. Elliott for the great 
trouble he has taken to render these translations as accurate as 
possible, and Dr. Longstaff for accepting my suggestion that these 
valuable papers should appear in their present form. 
Oxford, 
Dec. 31, 1911. 
E. B. POULTON. 
