I. HAIE-TUFTS, ETC., OF MALE LEPIDOPTEEA 615 
these structures and their minute anatomy, and that observers of living 
insects will soon add to our knowledge of the scent emitted by tufts, 
brands, and similar structures. To urge such investigations is the sole 
object of these lines, for that which I am myself able to offer is scarcely 
worth recording. 
Itajahy, Santa Catharina, Brazil, April, 1876. 
Supplement. 
In the course of the last month, in addition to a crowd of male Didonis 
biblis, which are taken almost daily in quantity, I have had the opportunity 
of examining also a fair number of females, which are, at least in this 
locality and at this time, far rarer than the males. 
The females possess only the two anterior glands, the posterior pair 
being entirely absent: the anterior glands are rather smaller, the hairs or 
rather the hair-like, battledore-ended scales, are fewer than in the male, 
but the scent is not less powerful. This smell, as also that of the 
corresponding anterior glands of the male, was pronounced almost 
unanimously by my children to be disagreable, and even repulsive, whereas 
that of the posterior pair in the male was unanimously described as 
agreeable, and flower-like, recalling heliotrope. These posterior white 
glands, wanting in the female, stand out so sharply on the black abdomen, 
that they look attractive, and it seems probable that they charm the 
female not only by their scent, but by their ornamental appearance. 
This would also apply to the patches on the fore-wings of the males of 
Theda , when they show up light on a dark ground, or glow with lustrous 
blue, as in Theda bosora. 
May, 1876. 
Fritz Muller’s important paper, read June 5,1878, “ Odours emitted by Butterflies 
and Moths ” {Trans. Ent. Soc., 1878, pp. 211-221), may be looked upon as a further 
supplement to the above memoir. See also the discussion in Proc. Ent. Soc., 1878, 
p. xxvii. The following extract from a letter to his brother Hermann Muller is 
published in Cams’ Zool. Anzeig., I. (1878), p. 32 :— 
“ It appears, that from constant practice, my nose is becoming ever keener. With 
Daptonoura lysimnia I now detect an agreeable scent from each newly captured male. 
Two years ago I always found Callidryas trite, male, devoid of scent: yesterday I 
caught a male with a distinct smell. In Didonis biblis, male, the black patch on the 
under side of the fore-wing also smells like faint musk, so that this creature develops 
three different scents. In Callidryas, the female also has strongly scented glands on 
the genitalia, which, when excited, she exserts: their odour is sharp [or acid], that 
of the male, musky.” 
Itajahy, April 16 [1878]. 
An interesting review of the above memoir (§ I.), signed “K” — probably 
Dr. Ernst Krause — is to be found in Eosmos, I. (1877), pp. 260, 261.—E.B.P. 
