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APPENDIX 
however, is found also in Acraect. It is true that the number of Nympha- 
line larvae which I have personally examined, together with those concerning 
which I have received satisfactory details (from my brother Hermann 
Muller) is not very large. But, in addition to spinous larvae, one finds 
among the Nymphalinae , many others without spines, but with horned 
heads, as in Siderone and Protogonius. 
4. All the Maracuja butterflies confine themselves exclusively to 
honey from flowers: none of them drink the exuding sap of trees, as do 
many Nymphalinae , for example Epicalia, Temenis , Callicore, Gynaecia , 
Ectima , Ageronia , Bihlis, Aganisthos , Prepona , Agrias , Smyrna , Paphia , 
and Siderone . They never seek moisture on the ground like the Nympha- 
line genera— Hypanartia, Eunica , ffaematera, Apatura , etc., or even on 
horse-droppings, like Pyrameis. All Maracuja butterflies appear to prefer 
the same kinds of flowers : thus, for instance, all the species here ( Heli - 
conius besckei , apseudes and eucrate [ narcaea ], Eueides Isabella and 
aliphera ; Colaenis julia and dido ; Dione vanillae and juno) with the 
exception of the excessively rare Eueides pavana and Dione moneta , visit 
industriously and continuously a Poinsettia in my garden, to which the 
Nymphalinae only contribute an occasional visitor in Anartia amalthea , 
and even this species never remains long on the profusely flowering 
bushes. 
5. The males of the Maracuja butterflies when seized, open wide the 
anal valvulae, from the inner side of which then appear two glands 
yielding a strong and nauseous smell. The females, on the contrary, emit 
a similar smell from a yellow gland extruded on the dorsum between the 
last and penultimate abdominal segments. I know of nothing similar 
among the Nymphalinae. 
6. The antennae and mouth-parts of all the species agree in every 
important detail, without, it is true, showing anything especially charac¬ 
teristic. This is particularly the case with the appendage beside the 
mandibles, shaped like a flat club, bearing at its apex an obliquely directed 
bristle. This is the usual shape of the structure, which is probably to 
be regarded as an organ of taste : in other groups of Lepidoptera it takes 
different and characteristic forms. 
7. The hind-wings of the males bear on those parts of the upper 
surface that are overlapped by the fore-wings, peculiarly shaped, marginally- 
fringed scales, “ scent-scales,” similar to those which occur on the upper 
surface of the wings of the male Pieris \Aporia\ crataegi. I know of no 
such scent-scales in Nymphalinae or in Acraea. 
8. The longitudinal veins and the border [hind or outer margin] of 
the wings bear, on the under surface, one or two rows of black hairs. In 
Acraea one finds similar hairs, not only on the fully developed veins, but 
also on the course of the aborted third inner marginal vein [between the 
median and the submedian] of the hind-wings. I have been unable to 
find them in any Nymphalinae that I have examined. 
