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APPENDIX 
there remain only the stalk and the long sharp thorn-like teeth, so that 
the scales resemble two- to four-pronged forks, often wonderfully bent and 
twisted. 
The scales of Dione juno (PI. J, Fig. 7 B) are metamorphosed in an 
entirely different manner, and can scarcely be recognized as scales. An 
elongate, but rarely straight, stalk is widened at the apex into a tiny 
“ palm,” which may even be entirely wanting. From the palm, or from the 
apex of the palmless stalk, spring one, two, or rarely three bristles, either 
immediately, or separated from the palm by another kind of stalk which is 
usually straight and also much shorter and thinner than the basal one. 
These various parts stand at all sorts of angles to each other, thus making 
an incredible number and variety of strange forms. It may also happen 
that the stalk instead of widening into a palm, forks, and each branch of 
the fork bears one or two bristles. 
In contrast with the stiff, forked thorns of Dione vanillae are the scales 
on the stink-clubs of Colaenis (PI. J, Fig. 2 C), which are metamorphosed 
into flabby, thin-skinned, usually strongly folded and crumpled plates, 
without any notching of the apical border. 
Whatever may be the form of these scales, they can hardly be seen on 
the fresh stink-club, except perhaps in insects that have just emerged. 
Among them is heaped a yellow, scented mass, which is also exuded from 
the surface of the stink-gland. The scales are stuck together and often 
completely covered by this substance, so that the stalk bears at its apex a 
nearly smooth or slightly rough ball, with a diameter two or three times as 
large as that of the club itself (PI. J, Figs. 2 A, 5 A, 7 A). With alcohol, 
ether, or benzine, this sticky mass can be softened, partly dissolved, and 
finally more or less completely removed. The undissolved residue takes 
the form of strongly refractive, more or less spherical particles (PL J, 
Fig. 5 B) or of irregular clots. 
I have not found similar stink-clubs in any Lepidoptera except these 
females of the Maracuja butterflies. It appears, as a general rule, that 
the stink structures found in both sexes are much less wide-spread and 
much less varied than the scent-glands peculiar to the male, of which, 
now that attention has been directed to them, new and astonishing forms 
are almost daily discovered. 
Itajahy, Sta. Catharina. Brazil, June, 1877. 
