83 
formed by segregation from a flow of older basalt that has decomposed to 
clay. What is seen on the beach represents accumulation for a vast period, 
and, if gathered up, there would be no succeeding accumulation. At various 
points along the east shore of Western Port similar deposits of poor quality 
limonite are met with, but in no case in large quantities (see assays No. 1 
and 2). The quality varies greatly. 
Grantville. 
About b mile east of Grantville in a gully the Tertiary grit is impreg* 
nated with limonite. This is exposed in the small creek-bed at a depth of 
about 20 feet below the general surface. Insufficient work has been done 
to determine the thickness of the lateral extent of the deposit. The limo¬ 
nite is associated with grains of quartz, and as the assay shows only 27'8 
per cent, of iron, and it is a siliceous ore, it could not be profitably worked. 
This ore looks as though it had been formed right in Tertiary beds, but as 
there are basaltic outcrops close by the limonite may have originated 
through the decomposition of basalt which formerly capped this area. 
About half a mile to the south of Grantville, a small hill is capped by 
fairly solid limonite. There is but a small extent of it, as its greatest 
diameter does not exceed a chain in length. Into it a hole has been sunk 
3 feet, and there may be another foot or so in thickness ; the quality is com¬ 
paratively good (see assay No. 7). This limonite deposit is a superficial 
one, and has resulted from the decomposition of basalt that formerly covered 
the locality. In the ploughed paddock sloping northward from the outcrop 
small irregular pieces of limonite similar to the above have been ploughed 
up, and a shallow shaft that has been sunk just outside the fence on the 
east side of this paddock shows the deposit to be a superficial one. There 
is no lode here. 
Sandstone Island. 
At Sandstone Island there occurrs a flaggy iron ore (carbonate of iron). 
A specimen assayed iron, 40*7 per cent.; gold, 1 dwt. 7 gr. per ton (see 
assay No. 3). 
[14.5.10.] 
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FISH REMAINS AND A LINGULA 
IN THE GRAMPIANS, WESTERN VICTORIA. 
By Frederick Chapman, A.L.S., &c., Palceontologist to the National 
Museum, Melbourne. 
The age of the Grampian Sandstones has always been open to some doubt, 
owing to the absence of definite fossil remains. These rocks have been 
variously ascribed to the Mesozoic series (Lower Trias) 1 , or to the Upper 
Palaeozoic. Of the latter series they have been referred either to the Lower 
Carboniferous or to the Devonian 2 . The Lower Carboniferous rocks in the 
neighbourhood of Mansfield, Victoria, have already afforded a fairly rich 
fish-fauna, lately described by Dr. A. Smith Woodward 3 * * * * 8 . The Upper 
1. Kraus6, F. Prog. Pep. Geol. Surv. Viet., Vol. I., 1874, p. 9. 
2. Murray, R. A-. F. Geology and Physical Geography of Victoria, 1887, p. 68.—“ The Grampian 
Sandstones, in the western portion of the colony, constitute one of the two large Upper Paleozoic areas.” 
Stirling, J. Prog. Rep. Geol. Surv. Viet., No. XI., 1899, p. 5.—‘‘Either of Devonian or Carboniferous 
age.” Dunn, E. J. In Year -book of Commonwealth of Australia, 1909, p. 86.—‘‘Probably belongs to 
the Lower Devonian series.” Gregory, J. W. Geography of Victoria, 2nd ed., 1912, p. 284.—“ Lower 
Carboniferous.—The Grampian Sandstones, the Cathedral Sandstones and the sandstones of Mount Wel¬ 
lington.” 
8. Mem. Nat. Mus., Melbourne, No. 1,1906. 
