86 
Description of Victorian Specimen .—Spine having a broadly expanded 
base, the surface of which is deeply furrowed by about 20 longitudinal 
strise. The riblets, under magnification, show a series of pits, probably 
the basis of decorticated tubercles. Length from base to extremity, 30 mm. 
Width at base, 9.5 mm. 
Genus Lingula, Bruguiere. 
Lingula squamiformis, Phillips, var. borungensis, nov. 
Plate. V. Fig. 5. 
Description. —Shell, small elongate ovate, compressed at sides ; with a 
broad anterior extremity, in some instances squarely ended as in L. squami¬ 
formis typica, in others, bluntly rounded. Surface of valves moderately 
strongly convex, with numerous concentric lines of growth. Shell much 
smaller than in L. squamiformis, Phillips, 1 which it otherwise closely resembles, 
excepting in an occasional departure from the square anterior border. 
Length of specimen figured, 3.5 mm. Breadth, 2.25 mm. 
Observations. —The present specimens are very numerous in the red, 
clayey and sandy beds containing fish-spines, from Hall’s Gap, Grampians. 
There is no doubt of their close relationship to Phillips’s species, but their 
minute size (1:10), and tendency to vary in outline from that form, preclude 
a specific identification with that fossil. 
Another species of Lingula has already been recorded from beds of 
similar age in New South Wales, near Canowindra, by Mr. Etheridge, 2 which 
that author has described under the name of L. gregaria. On comparing 
typical specimens of this species in the National Museum, it was seen, 
however, that the two forms are entirely distinct; L. gregaria has a longer 
and more ovate shell, and, as Mr. Etheridge remarks, it belongs to the type 
of L. mytiloides, Sowerby. It is interesting to note, in connexion with 
the occurrence of the Lower Carboniferous Lingulce in this State and in 
New South Wales, the close resemblance of the Australian examples with 
the two well-known British species, L. mytiloides, Sow., and L. squamiformis , 
Phillips, both of Carboniferous age. 
The following table shows the distribution of the specimens examined. 
The registered numbers are 12825-38, 16016, 16030, 16036, 16076 and 
16077 :— 
Fossil. Mt. Rosea. Near Hall’s Gap. 
Physonemus micracanthus, sp. nov. .. .. .. 1 specimen 
Physonemus (?) attenuatus, Davis .. .. .. — 
Physonemus sp. .. .. .. 2 specimens 
Lingula squamiformis, Phillips, var. borungensis, nov. •—■ 
3 specimens 
1 specimen 
3 specimens 
5 specimens 
Explanation to Plate V. 
Fig. 1 . — Physonemus micracanthus , sp. nov. Spine, enlarged 6 diameters. 
No. 16076 (holotype). Mount Kosea, Grampians. Lower Carboniferous. 
Fig. 2. — P. micracanthus, sp. nov. Middle portion of above spine, more 
highly magnified (X 26). Lower Carboniferous. 
Fig. 3.— P. micracanthus, sp. nov. Spine, enlarged 6 diameters. No 
12833 (paratype). Hall’s Gap, Grampians. Lower Carboniferous. 
Fig. 4.— Physonemus attenuatus, Davis. Spine showing both basal and 
exsert portions; partly decorticated. Enlarged three times. No. 12828 
(plesiotype). Hall’s Gap, Grampians. Lower Carboniferous. 
Fig. 5.— Lingula squamiformis, Phillips, var. borungensis, nov. 
Enlarged 6 diameters. No. 12835 (holotype of var.). Hall’s Gap, 
Grampians. Lower Carboniferous. 
[26.2.13.] 
1. Phillips, J., Geol. of Yorkshire, vol. II., 1830, pi. IX., Pig. 14. Davidson. T., Carboniferous 
Brachiopoda (Pal. Soc. Mon.), part V., 1861, p. 205, pi. XLIX., Figs. 1-10. 
2. Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. IV., No. 3, 1901, pp. 119, 120, Fig. 14. 
