xii Introduction. 
Divisions Classes No. of Orders 
II. Mollusc a. \ 1. Cephalopoda One. 
I 2. Pteropoda One. 
Six Classes. Fifteen I 3. Gasteropoda Nine. 
Orders. [ 4. Acephala Two. 
I 5. Brachiopoda One. 
6. Cirrhopoda One. 
III. Articulata. \ 1. Annelides Three. 
I 2. Crustacea Seven. 
Four Classes. Twenty- j 3. Arachnida Two. 
four Orders. J 4. Insecta Twelve. 
nr i?,.^ T . m . i !• Echinodermata .... Two. 
IV. Ramata. 2 Entozoa Two 
Five Classes. Eleven J' ^Jf 1 " 8 ^L 
Orrlprq 4 - ^ ol YV l Three. 
Orders. ) 5> Infusoria Tw0# 
THE VERTEBRATED ANIMALS 
Have a backbone divided into vertebra? or joints, whence they take 
their name. They have also separate senses for hearing, seeing, tast- 
ing, smelling, and feeling ; a distinct head, with a mouth opening by 
two horizontal jaws ; a muscular heart, and red blood. The four 
classes of Vertebrata and their orders are as follow : — 
I. The Mammalia are all furnished with mammae, or teats, through 
which they give milk to their young, which they bring forth 
alive. They have warm blood, which all circulates from the 
heart through the lungs, and returns to the heart before it 
passes through the body. Their skins are naked, or covered 
with wool or hair, and their mouths are generally furnished 
with teeth. There are eleven orders, which are thus distin- 
guished : — 
Section I. — Unguiculated Animals, or Mammalia having Nails or Claws. 
I. Bimana, or two-handed. This order contains only the human 
species. 
II. Quadrumana, or four-handed. This order contains the apes, 
baboons, and monkeys, and the lemurs. 
III. Cheiroptera, the bat family. 
IV. Camivora, or beasts of prey. This order is divided into the 
following three tribes : — 
1. The Insectivora, consisting of those animals which live upon insects, 
as the hedgehog, the shrew, and the mole. 
2. The Camivora proper, consisting chiefly of the cat family, including 
lions, tigers, and their allies ; the bear family, including the 
badger, the coati-mondi, the racoon, &c. ; the dog family, in- 
cluding the wolf and the fox ; the weasel family ; the civet-cats ; 
and the hyaena. 
3. The Amphibia, consisting of the seals, and other allied animals. 
