4 
covered the hills and valleys of this region. Grand must 
have been the spectacle—those ponderous “monarchs of the 
forest” lifting their heads heavenward, canopying the 
streams and crowning the hilltops—one vast field ot deep 
green, broken only by an occasional glimpse of the silvery 
waters of the Tenmile or the Dunkard. 
In the southeastern part of the county was, originally, 
woods of pine, hemlock and spruce. These, too, have been 
almost entirely swept away. The original forests now stand¬ 
ing are of oak, maple, hickory, bass-wood, ash, elm, poplar, 
walnut, etc., with here and there an isolated clump of ever¬ 
greens. These’woods crown many of the hilltops, wind the 
curve of some steep hillside or crowd the ravines and coves. 
In these places the Birds of Prey find ample nesting sites, 
and the smaller woodland birds breed in profusion. 
On many of the hillsides are fields overgrown with the 
blackberry brier and stunted bushes. Here is the home of many 
of the smaller birds, prominent among which is the Yellow¬ 
breasted Chat (Icteria virens), Field Sparrow (Spizella 
pusilla ) and the Towhee (Pipiplo erythrophthcilmus). 
Along the streams an abundance of willow and sycamore 
afford sites for colonies of Blackbirds. 
The scarcity of ponds and swamps in this section accounts 
for the absence of the Rails and other birds that frequent 
such localities. 
In preparing the present paper, I have aimed to give a cor¬ 
rect list of birds found during the breeding season, and to 
describe, briefly, the localities frequented by the birds, and to 
state, where sufficient data has been gathered, the nesting 
date and the number of eggs composing the complement. 
J. Warren Jacobs. 
Waynesbup.q, Pa., 
Aug. 15, 1893. 
