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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, No. 8 
Figure 9. Testudo graeca cyrenaica from the archaeological site of Cyrene, Jabal al Akhdar, Cyrenaica, Libya (32.8239, 
21.8519), 1998. Photo courtesy of Natural History Museum of Crete © A. Trichas. 
1933; Buskirk 1996), although it approaches the eastern Sinai just south of the Gaza Strip at Kerem 
Shalom in Israel (Buskirk 1996; Baha El Din 2006a; Werner 2016). See Pieh and Perala (2002) for 
a discussion of supposed Egyptian specimens. 
Testudo g. cyrenaica is endemic to Libya, occurring in Cyrenaica from the region of Jabal al 
Akhdar [the Green Mountain] to the coast, and from west of Al Marj to as far east as El Adem. Tes¬ 
tudo g. nabeulensis occurs in northwestern Tripolitania and in Tunisia. 
Libyan Records (Map 5): (Testudo grae¬ 
ca nabeulensis ): TRIPOLITANIA: Jafara : 
29: MZUT R3682; Andreone et al. 2007. 
Tripoli : 45: Werner 1909; Ghigi 1913; Zavat- 
tari 1934. Muroub : 58: Peters 1880, 1881; 
Anderson 1898; Werner 1909; Ghigi 1913; 
Zavattari 1934; Loveridge and Williams 1957. 
Nalut : 105: Ibrahim and Ineich 2005. Jabal 
al Gharbi : 140: USNM 146811. 147: MTKD 
184072. 
{Testudo graeca cyrenaica ): CYRE¬ 
NAICA: Benghazi : 346: MTKD 35834; Pieh 
and Perala 2002. 357: MZUF 17264; USNM 
139091; Ghigi 1913; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 
1929; Loveridge and Williams 1957; Pieh and 
Perala 2002. Marj : 384: USNM 142155. 385: 
MZUT R2024; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 
1930, 1934, 1937; Loveridge and Williams 
1957; Pieh and Perala 2002; Andreone et al. 
Map 5. Distribution of Testudo graeca in Libya. Points in 
Tripolitania are records of T. g. nabeulensis, those in Cyre¬ 
naica are T. g. cyrenaica. 
