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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, No. 8 
in which Peters’ records appeared. The locality is, in fact, near Gharyan, Tripolitania, and the spec¬ 
imen (now lost) is likely assignable to T. g. nabeulensis. 
IUCN Threat Status.— Vulnerable Alcd. 
Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883:188 
1883 Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, Etudes zoologiques sur la faune du Lac de Tiberiade suivies d’un aper- 
cu sur la faune des lacs d’Antioche et de Homs. I. Poissons et Reptiles du Lac de Tiberiade et de quelques 
autres parties de la Syrie. Archives du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. Lyon 3:99-194, pis. VI-XIX. 
Lectotype.— MHNL 42000414 designated by Perala (2001), “dans les sables de la basse Egypte, 
surtout dans les environs d’Alexandrie.” A previous lectotype designation (Mertens 1967) is invalid as it is 
based on a specimen that was not part of the original type series fide Perala (2001), which see for a further 
discussion and a listing of paralectotypes. 
Testudo leithii, Le Berre 1989:104. 
Testudo (Pseudotestudo) kleinmanni, Schleich, Kastle, and Kabisch 1996:152. 
Testudo kleinmanni, Sindaco and Jeremcenko 2008:86. 
Distribution.— From northwestern Libya across coastal Libya (or with a gap in the Gulf of 
Sirte, see Comments) and Egypt, through Sinai and Gaza (Palestinian Authority), where it has been 
extirpated, to southern Israel. Libyan localities fall within coastal and semi-desert regions from 
Qarabulli to Tobruk, inland of the Jabal al Akhdar in Cyrenaica (Schleich 1989; Schneider and 
Schneider 2008). There are historical records almost to the Egyptian border. In 2005 the Tripoli- 
tanian and Cyrenaican extents of occurrence/areas of occupancy were estimated at 5500 km 2 /550 
km 2 and 11,100 km 2 /5025 km 2 (Perala 2005) respectively, although Schneider and Schneider 
(2006a, b, 2008) considered these to be underestimates. 
Libyan Records (Map 6): TRIPOLITA¬ 
NIA: Jafara : 33: SMF 65704, 66773. Tripoli : 
54: Perala 2005. 55: NMP6V 72917*; Siroky 
and Fritz 2007. Murqub : 58: Rohlfs 1881. 60: 
Peters 1880, 1881; Wemer 1909; Zavattari 
1934; Loveridge and Williams 1957. 66: Sin¬ 
daco, pers. obs. 4/29/2008. 68: ZMH R 00616; 
Fritz and Buskirk 1997; Frynta et al 2000; 
Perala 2005; Schneider and Schneider 2006a, 
b. 69: Perala 2005; Schneider and Schneider 
2006a, b. Misratah : 80: Schneider and Schnei¬ 
der 2006a, b. 85: Hlawtsch 2009. Nalut : 108: 
NMP6V 72917*; Siroky and Fritz 2007. Jabal 
al Gharbi : 154: Fritz and Buskirk 1997; 
Perala 2005. Sirte : 173: Schneider and Schnei¬ 
der 2006a, b. 186: MTKD 47391. 188: Schnei¬ 
der and Schneider 2006a, b. “between Tarhu- 
na and Bin Ghashir”: RMNH RENA 11362; 
Fritz and Buskirk 1997; Perala 2005. “Sirtica”: Zavattari 1937; Lambert and Buskirk in Schneider 
and Schneider 2008. FEZZAN: Ghat : 253: FMNH [no specific number given]; Perala 2005. 
CYRENAICA: Benghazi : 357: MZUT R3681; Wemer 1909; Zavattari 1929, 1934; Andreone et 
al. 2007; Schneider and Schneider 2008. 367: FMNH [no specific number given]; USNM 139092- 
94; Perala 2001,2005. Marj : 385: FMNH [no specific number given]; Zavattari 1937; Perala 2005. 
Map 6. Distribution of Testudo kleinmanni in Libya. 
