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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, No. 8 
Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1934. 217: MWNH 1674; Zavattari 1937. 218: MCSN 1934; Scortecci 
1937a. 226: MCSN 1903; Scortecci 1935b, 1937a,b. “Sahara Tripolitano”: Wemer 1911; Zavat¬ 
tari 1934. CYRENAICA: Benghazi : 357: SMF 34459, 35556, 36183; SMNS 1413; ZSM 
162/1983; von Martens 1883; Wemer 1909; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Cal- 
abresi 1923. 367: MZUT R678; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 372: Frynta et al. 
2000. 377: NMV D 2304. Marj : 385: MCSN 1929; NMV D 2305; Zavattari 1937. 407: Zavattari 
1929, 1930. 457aa: Schleich 1987. 457ag: Schleich 1987. 457ah: Schleich 1987. 457z: Schleich 
1987. Jabal al Akhdar : 417: Ghigi 1920; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930,1934; Calabresi 1923. 419: 
Frynta et al. 2000. 425: ZSM 114/1983; Schleich 1987. 430: MZUT R652; Calabresi 1923; Zavat¬ 
tari 1929, 1930, 1934; Schleich 1987. 431: BMNH 1965.1188. 433: Comalia in Haimann 1882, 
1886; Wemer 1909; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 434: FMNH 214950; Resetar 1981. 445: Schleich 
1987. 447: Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930. 457: KNP 1981/174-175, 1983/428; MCZ R 
56041-42; ZSM 115/1983,416/1997; Schleich 1987. 457ak: Schleich 1987. 457al: Schleich 1987. 
457am: Schleich 1987. 457ap: Schleich 1987. 457aq: Schleich 1987. 457ar: Schleich 1987. 
457au: Schleich 1987. 457bm: Schleich 1987. 457bo: Schleich 1987. 457by: Schleich 1987. 
457cm: Schleich 1987. 4571: Schleich 1987. 457n: Schleich 1987. 457p: Schleich 1987. 457w: 
Schleich 1987. 457x: Schleich 1987. Darnah : 460: NHMC 80.3.91.2, 80.3.91.9. 466: SMF 34410; 
SMF 35992; Ghigi 1920; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Gestro and Vin- 
ciguerra 1931. 469: Zavattari 1930, 1934. 474: MCSN 1927; Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 
1930, 1934. 484: MZUT R1318; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. Butnan : 487: SMF 
33777. 490: MSNG 28194; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Vinciguerra 1927; 
Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. 505: Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934; Gestro and Vin¬ 
ciguerra 1931. 511: ZSM 113/1983. 521: MSNG 28193; Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 
1934, 1937; Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. Al Wahat: 529: NMP 34931/1-3; NMP 34931; 
Moravec 1995. 540: ZSM 116/1983. 553: MCSN 1904; Desio 1931; Zavattari 1934,1937; Scortec¬ 
ci 1935b. 554: MCSN 1939^10. 556: Comalia in Haimann 1882, 1886; Wemer 1909; Zavattari 
1929, 1930, 1934. “Cyrenaica”: Wemer 1909; Ghigi 1913. “Marmarica”: Zavattari 1937. 
LIBYA: MCSN 1935; NMBA-REPT 15357; SMF 34193; Condorelli-Francaviglia 1896. 
Comments.— Only the nominate subspecies, which occurs as far east as the Nile Delta, is 
present in Libya, whereas the subspecies C. c. musae Steindachner, 1900 is limited to the area of 
the northern Eastern Desert and Sinai (Baha El Din, 2006; Ibrahim, 2013) and C. c. orientalis Park¬ 
er, 1938 is present in the southern Arabian peninsula. Chamaeleo c. recticrista Boettger, 1889 from 
the Near and Middle East, was not recognized by Klaver and Bohme (1997), but was accepted by 
Sindaco and Jeremcenko (2008) and Wemer (2016). Tilbury and Tolley (2009) provided a recent 
commentary on the status of the systematics of the genus Chamaeleo. Chamaeleo c. saharicus 
Muller, 1887, a desert morph with its type locality in north central Algeria, has not been recognized 
as valid in any recent treatments. Klaver and Bohme (1997) considered it as a synonym of the 
nominotypical subspecies, but differences in coloration and habitat preference from Mediterranean 
populations may warrant further investigation. 
Many inland localities in Libya probably reflect intentional or accidental movement by 
humans, however, relict autochthonous populations may be present in oases that were once con¬ 
nected to larger areas of more appropriate habitat via suitable corridors along paleodrainages. 
Desio (1931) reported the presence of “camaleonti, gechi, serpi, vipere dal corno” from Maradah 
(locality 553), but as there is potential ambiguity as to which species were intended, we have 
included in this atlas only the chamaeleon record, which is unambiguous. 
IUCN Threat Status.— Least Concern. 
