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Series 4, Volume 64, No. 7 
t im es sparse) trichomes 0.05-0.2 mm long, tube 18-23 mm long, gradually expanded distally, 
2.5-3.5 mm in diameter near midpoint, upper lip 6-12 mm long, 2-fid at apex, lower lip 7-12 mm 
long, lobes 1-2.5 mm long, 1-2.2 mm wide. Stamens 8-12.5 mm long, thecae superposed (touch¬ 
ing or separated by a gap to 0.2 mm), perpendicular, 1.1-1.8 mm long (including basal appendage), 
subequal to unequal in length, both dorsally pubescent (trichomes sometimes few or inconspicu¬ 
ous) with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes to 0.1 mm long, lower theca with a spurlike to 
pointed basal appendage 0.3-0.5 mm long; pollen 2-aperturate, polar diameter 55-56 pm, equato¬ 
rial diameter (apertural view) 35 pm, apertures flanked on each side by 2 rows of insulae (and 
somet im es with peninsulae as well). Style 26-33 mm long, proximally pubescent with eglandular 
trichomes, stigma to 0.1 mm long, lobes not evident (appearing subcapitate) or unequally 2-lobed, 
1 lobe 0.1 mm long, other lobe 0.05 mm long. Capsule 12-16 mm long, pubescent with erect to 
retrorse eglandular and glandular trichomes to 0.2 mm long, head 7.5-10 mm long, with slight 
medial constriction. Seeds compressed, ± cordate, 24 mm long, 2-2.8 mm wide, surface bubbly 
tuberculate, surface of tubercles granulate. 
Phenology. — Flowering: November-April; fruiting: November-April. On a plant cultivat¬ 
ed out-of-doors during a period of dry and mostly sunny weather in San Francisco, California, 10 
flower buds were tagged, and the times of their opening and dehiscence/falling from the plant were 
recorded in six hour intervals. All flowers opened between 06:00 and 08:00. They stayed open 
between 72 and 258 hours, with the average life span of a flower being 152 hours (6.3 days) with 
the population standard variation of 49.29 hours. Corollas and styles showed no obvious signs of 
senescence (e.g., discoloration or withering) when the former dehisced and fell from the plant. 
Distribution and habitats. — Southern Mexico (central southern Oaxaca; Fig. 1); plants 
occur infrequently in the understory of evergreen seasonal forests (selva mediana subperennifolia) 
transitioning to mesophytic montane forests, and sometimes in coffee plantations (cafetales) there¬ 
in, at elevations from 690 to 1640 meters. 
Illustrations. — Figures 3, 5. 
Conservation. — This species is known from at least six collections in the same region of the 
Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Oaxaca. A considerable portion of its EOO, which consists of 4.6 
sq. km, lies in a region where coffee is cultivated. Given the increasing demand for coffee, such 
cultivation is likely to expand in the region, thereby presenting an inferred threatening event. 
Although the actual geographic range of this species is likely considerably larger than currently 
known, based on the data available, a preliminary assessment of Critically Endangered (CR) 
appears warranted, and is proposed for this species (Bl, a, b; IUCN 2017). 
Paratypes. — MEXICO. Oaxaca: Distr. Pochutla, Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto, ca. 13 km 
NW of Xadani, ca. 4 km upslope from Rancho Monte Carlo, 16°00.771'N, 096°06.305'W, 
T. Daniel, A. Sanchez, & J. Pascual 11810 (CAS, K, MEXU, MO, NY, RSA, SERO, US), speci¬ 
mens of plants from this locality cultivated from seed of type collection in San Francisco, Califor¬ 
nia, T. Daniel et al. 11898cv (CAS); Distr. Pochutla, Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto, cafetal “Arroyo 
Arena,” 15°58’36.8”N, 096°05’59.7”W, A. Nava. Z. et al. 268 (MEXU, SERO); Distr. Pochutla, 
Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto, Piedra de Agua, 15°57’11.2”N, 096°06’23.6”W, J. Pascual 224 
(CAS, MEXU, SERO); Distr. Pochutla, Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto, camino a El Vijia, 
16°00’42.6”N, 096°06’43.6”W, J. Pascual 2326 (MEXU, SERO); Distr. Pochutla, Mpio. San 
Miguel del Puerto, 150 m N de la fmca Monte Carlo, 15°59’38.1”N, 096°06’22.3”W, A. Saynes V. 
& M. Elorza 2741 (CAS, MEXU). 
Discussion.— Rarely, the proximal-most axillary branch of a panicle bears only a single 
dichasium, and thus appears like an axillary pedunculate dichasium. Although not evident on liv¬ 
ing plants, at the nodes of dried plants the region of attachment of the petioles on stems is greater 
