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Distribution.— From Mauritania and 
Western Sahara across northern Africa into 
Egypt west of the Nile and across Mali and 
western Niger. In Libya the species is widely 
distributed, although potentially absent from 
the southernmost portions of Cyrenaica. 
Libyan Records (Map 19): TRIPOLITA- 
NIA: Tripoli : 45: FMNH 82938; Boulenger 
1885; Werner 1909. Muroub : 65: NHMC 
80.3.120.23-24. Misratah : 76: BMNH 
1965.1153; Krause et al. 2013. 86: ZMB 
9668A-B; Peters 1880, 1881; Boulenger 1891; 
Werner 1909; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1930, 
1934; Loveridge 1947; Bauer et al. 1995. 87: 
NHMC 80.3.120.18-22. Nalut : 100: CUP R 
005; Frynta et al. 2000. 105: MNHN 
2003.2964-65; ZCT 2005.26-28; Ibrahim and 
Ineich 2005, Ibrahim 2008a; Krause et al. 
2013. 106: NMP 71528. Jabalal Gharbi : 133: 
NHMC 80.3.120.9. 141: BMNH 1965.1150; 
Krause et al. 2013. 145: NHMC 80.3.120.3. 
146: NHMC 80.3.120.8, 147: FMNH 83061- 
63. 149: BMNH 1954.1.5.30-36; Krause et al. 
2013. 150: NHMC 80.3.120.4-7, 80.3.120.29. 
159: BMNH 1965.1149; Krause et al. 2013. 
161: CUP R 006-7; Frynta et al. 2000. Sirte : 
181: NHMC 80.3.120.16-17. 187: BMNH 
1965.1151-52; Krause et al. 2013. 188: NHMC 
Figure 18. Tropiocolotes tripolitanus from Tsawah, 
Murzuq, Fezzan, Libya. Photo © Adel Ibrahim. 
80.3.120.10-15. 191: BMNH 1985.1187-1189. Map 19 ‘ Distribution of Tropiocolotes tripolitanus in 
199: MCSN 2382. “Sirtica”: Zavattari 1937; Llbya ‘ 
Loveridge 1947. FEZZAN: Wadi al Shatii : 210: Essghaier et al. 2015. Jufra : 217: Zavattari 1937; 
Loveridge 1947. Wadi al Hayaa : 274: CUP R 022, 058; Frynta et al. 2000. 277: BMNH 
1983.1283. Sabha : 281: AIC 2006.1568-71, ZCT 2005.14; Ibrahim 2008a. 286: BMNH 
1954.1.5.28, 1954.1.5.29; Krause et al. 2013; Essghaier et al. 2015. 287: CUP R 060-61; Frynta et 
al. 2000. 288: MCSN 2402. Murzuq : 296: ZCT 2005.15, 2006.28-32, 2006.65; Ibrahim 2008a. 
298: ZCT 2005.16; Ibrahim 2008a. 300: ZCT 2005.02; Ibrahim 2008a. 301: ZCT 2006.09-13; 
Ibrahim 2008a. 303: ZCT 2006.01-05, 2006.71; Ibrahim 2008a; Essghaier et al. 2015. 308: ZCT 
2006.26-27, 2006.57; Ibrahim 2008a. 310: ZCT 2006.59; Ibrahim 2008a. 313: ZCT 2005.16, 
2006.15-21; Ibrahim 2008a. 316: NHMW 17298; NMBA-REPT 15300; ZCT 2005.25; Ibrahim 
2008a. CYRENAICA: Benghazi : 357: FMNH 82937. Butnan : 511: ZSM 116/1983, 116/1986; 
Krause et al. 2013. Al Wahat : 529: NMP 34930; NMP 34930; Moravec 1995. 542: BMNH 
1965.1154; Krause et al. 2013. 544: BMNH 1932.3.6.1; Krause et al. 2013; Vinciguerra 1931; 
Zavattari 1934; Loveridge 1947. 564: Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934, 1937; Loveridge 1947. LIBYA: 
“Libyschen Wiiste”: Wemer 1909. 
Comments.— Sindaco and Jeremcenko (2008) recognized four subspecies within T. tripoli¬ 
tanus : T. t. algericus Loveridge, 1947, T. t. apoklomax Papenfuss, 1969, T.t. occidentalis Parker, 
1942 and the nominate form. Baha El Din (2001, 2006) recognized the first of these as a full 
