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Series 4, Volume 64, No. 8 
pretations within L. diadema. Arnold (1980a), Gasperetti (1988) and Sindaco et al. (2013) accept¬ 
ed L. gaddi Nikolsky, 1907, L. d. arabicus Haas, 1957, and L. d. mesopotamicus Haas, 1952 as 
strict synonyms of L diadema, whereas Uetz and Hosek (2016) considered them as valid sub¬ 
species. Lytorhynchus kennedyi Schmidt, 1939 has variously been considered as a full species 
(Leviton and Anderson 1970; Gasperetti 1988; Martens 1993; Sindaco et al. 2006b, 2013) or as a 
pattern morph of L. diadema (Moravec 1995; Disi et al. 2001; Amr and Disi 2011) that is largely 
restricted to the Syrian Desert. However, Moravec (1995) noted a single specimen from Libya that 
exhibits the typical L. kennedyi pattern. Regardless of the taxonomic status of L. kennedyi in south¬ 
west Asia, we here regard Moravec’s (1995) record from Libya as an aberrantly patterned L. diade¬ 
ma. 
IUCN Threat Status.— Least Concern. 
Macroprotodon cucullatus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1827:151, pi. 8, figs. 3, 3’) (Fig. 31) 
1827 Coluber cucullatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Description des reptiles qui se trouvent en Egypte, pp. 
121-160 in M.J.-C.L. de Savigny, (ed.), Description de l’Egypte, ou Recueil des Observations et des 
Recherches qui ont ete Faites en Egypte Pendant l’Expedition de PArmee Frangaise. Histoire Naturelle. Tome 
premier. Partie premier. Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, France. 
Holotype. — Specimen illustrated on fig. 3 of pi. 8 of the Atlas accompanying the “Description de 
l’Egypte,” lost fide Busack and McCoy (1990), ‘Egypte” (“Unteragypten” [Lower Egypt] fide Mertens and 
Muller 1928:50). 
Macroprotodon cucullatus cucullatus, Kramer and Schnurrenberger 1963:506. 
Macroprotodon cucullatus , Le Berre 1989:264. 
Macroprotodon cucullatus , Schleich, Kastle, andKabisch 1996:496. 
Macroprotodon cucullatus , Sindaco, Venchi, and Grieco 2013:122. 
Figure 31. Macroprotodon cucullatus from 5 km east of Al Beida, Jabal al Akhdar, Cyrenaica, Libya (32.7826, 
21.8276), 1998. Photo courtesy of Natural History Museum of Crete © A. Trichas. 
