Yol. XL. No. 4. / 
Whole No. 1617. ) 
NEW YORK, JAN. 1% 1881. 
i Price Five Cents. 
} $2.00 Per Year, 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 18S1, by the Rural New-Yorker, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
ing has been made. She usually gave 14 to 
16 quarts of milk a day at her best, and for 
months gave ten quarts a day right along. 
Combining, as it does, the Jersey, Polled 
Norfolk, and Ayrshire olood, the new breed 
could not have a better ancestry for dairy 
purposes. For quality and quantity of butter 
the Jersey cannot well be snrpassed, neither 
can the Ayrshire for cheese and milk for the 
market, while experience has shown that a 
cross of the former on the latter produces an 
exceptionally valuable cow for all purposes 
except beef-making. The Suffolk breed is 
descended from crosses of the Polled Scotch 
Galloways on the Norfolk Duns, faraouB in 
olden times for their deep milking qualities, 
which they have transmitted to their descend¬ 
ants, which are considered in England hardly 
inferior to any breed for the quantity ef milk 
they yield. 
STOCK NOTES. 
There is a great future for American 
breeders as soon as they cut loose from 
their present system and become what 
they are and must always be—American 
breeders. We don’t want to raise English 
cattle and sheep here. We can do better. We 
can improve on them. We are now produc¬ 
ing better beeves on the Colorado and Mon¬ 
tana pastures than arc found on the ordinary 
English pastures. But they are not English 
breeds. They are our true native stock, the 
Texan, to begin with, crossed by Kentucky- 
bred Short horns, that have been acclimated 
and Americanized on our blue-grass pastures 
for many years and Borne since the days of 
the ancient “ seventeens.” And if we want to 
That notable phrase of Horace Greeley 
“ Go west, young man." is ridden to death. 
The most recent instance of this is some advice 
given quite gratuitously to young men to go to 
Montana and engage in raising horses, netting 
50 per cent, ou the $17,000 to be invested in 
the business, each year. Advice is cheap and 
the poorest man can afford to give away any 
quantity of it freely ; but what costs nothing 
is often worth no more than its cost. It is so in 
this case. To keep sheep is easier than to keep 
cattle aud these are more easily kept than 
horses; but it needs considerable skill and ex¬ 
perience that must be paid for in some way 
before a man can become a successful shep¬ 
herd. To succeed in taking care of a herd of 
brood mares, with a number of stallions, and 
to raise colts, one must be a practiced and ex¬ 
perienced horseman. For a city paper to 
induce inexperienced youDg men to embark in 
an enterprise in which they can never hope to 
succeed, is a crime, and to tack such a scheme 
as this ou the tall of Horace Greeley's well- 
meant and sound advice is an absurdity. 
Young men with $17,000 lying loose in their 
pockets can find plenty of good use for their 
money without scattering it over the plains of 
Montana in enterprises of which they know 
nothing at all. 
fusbankj. 
NOTES BY A STOCKMAN. 
Complaints are now unusually prevalent in 
regard to losses among young sheep and lambs 
by obstinate diarrhea. On examination of 
the dead animals the intestines are found to 
SPECIMENS OF JAMESTOWN CATTLE. 
RE-ENGRAEVD FROM PROF. SHELDON’S " DAIRY FARMING.”—Fig. 29. 
®jjc Ijcrkmaii. 
m 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS. 
The Jamestown Breed of Cattle. 
While America has produced several breeds 
of swine acknowledged everywhere to be of 
high excellence, she has hitherto been strange¬ 
ly backward in producing native breeds of 
other species of live etock. Among horses, 
although great attention has for years been 
paid to the breeding of trotters, it is still a 
question whether we have yet produced a 
distinct breed of roadsters, even if the Morgan 
horses are included under that head, while 
no attempt seems to have been made to form 
a native breed of other kinds. In sheep 
Mr. Scott, of Kentucky, is said, on good author¬ 
ity, to have formed a uative breed, but hitherto 
little has become known to the general pub¬ 
lic of its merits or distinctive characteristics. 
In poultry, the Plymouth Rock is so excellent 
a specimen of what can be done in the pro¬ 
duction of native breeds, that a natural re¬ 
gret arises that so little has been done in that 
direction. In cattle, despite the paramount 
importance of obtaining prime stock for the 
dairy and the shambles, and notwithstanding 
the great care and skill employed by a mul¬ 
titude in the breeding of animals adapted to 
the needs and conditions of the country, the 
only native breed that has been x ir °4uced 
is that known as the JameBtown, a couple 
of specimens of which are represented in the 
accompanying illustration. 
The Jamestown, like the Galloway, Angus, 
Norfolk and Suffolk breeds, is polled or horn¬ 
less, and originally sprang in Massachusetts 
from the cross of a pure-bred 
Jersey bull ou an imported 
Norfolk cow. The sire was 
from Motley's Flora, a very 
famous Jersey cow, imported 
by the Massachusetts Society 
in 1851, and the dam was 
brought over from Ireland on 
the United States relief steam¬ 
ship Jamestown, ou her return 
after conveying a cargo of 
provisions to the starving in¬ 
habitants during the famine 
of 1847. The progeny of this 
cross was the bull Jamestown, 
dropped, in 1854, aud 
called after the vessel on 
which his mother came across 
—a remarkable sire that has 
given his name to the breed 
descended from him. From 
the first his progeny attracted 
a great deal of local attention, 
the females leiug deep and 
rich milkers, aud the males 
hardy, thrifty and gentle, 
while, both sexes were gen¬ 
erally polled, from what¬ 
ever dams they were begot¬ 
ten. The family was kept up 
by crosses on Ayrsbires aud 
Jersey cows, the polled calves 
alone being retained, until it 
became numerous enough to ' 
perpetuate itself without fur¬ 
ther admixture of other blood. 
So rapidly did the Jamestowns 
increase in numbers, and so uni¬ 
form In appearance and good 
qualities did they become, that iu 1878 the Nor¬ 
folk Agricultural Society (Mass ), recognized 
them as a separate class iu its premium list. In 
that year the most noted of the bulls was St. 
Patrick, owued by A. W. Cheevor, of Sheldon- 
ville, Mass., who has a fine herd of cows, 
mostly descendants of this excellent sire who 
is represented in our engraviug. His com¬ 
panion is the cow “Susie,” belonging to the 
same herd, aud six years old at the time the 
photograph was taken from which the eugrav- 
see a lustious fleece that will compare with 
that of a modern English long-wool sheep, we 
can find it in the improved Kentucky sheep 
that has been bred for many years by Mr. 
Robert Scott. Let us give up the desire for 
“foreign airs” and be content with our “ua- 
live graces." It is better to be original than 
an imitator, and always playing second fiddle; 
the more so when we can “take the rag” from 
the whole world combined, when we confine 
ourselves to our own special busiaess. 
be iufested with hair worms in large quanti¬ 
ties. It has been supposed that these and 
other parasites which affect sheep disastrously 
iu other countries—the fluke especially being 
referred to—are not indigenous in this country 
and that we are therefore exempt from them 
and the diseases which result from their 
ravages. It is unfortunate that this idea 
should have prevailed, because it averts atten¬ 
tion from the true cause of what are the most 
fatal diseases among sheep. 
For some years past I have been closely ob¬ 
serving the history of some of these parasites 
and am certain of their wide spread existent e 
among oor native wild animals. The fluke is 
very common among hares and deer from 
Long Island to Western Minnesota ; the hair 
worm is prevalent in every State west of the 
Missouri River, and not only affects sheep and 
lambs but rabbits and squirrels as well. Not 
long ago I examined a dead rabbit which I 
found upon my farm with no indication of the 
cause of death except extreme emaciation. 
On opening the animal its stomach and bowels 
were filled with the same kind of hair worms 
which I have several times taken from sheep 
and lambs in Michigan, Pennsylvania, New 
York and New Jersey. 
Sheep owners should be on the lookout for 
these hair worms. The indications of their 
presence are, profuse and stubborn diarrhea, 
emaciation, paleness ot the visible membranes 
and whiteness of the skin, the appearance of 
the animal being such as would naturally sug¬ 
gest the common name of the malady, viz.: 
••the bloodless disease.” The worms may be 
taken into the system by means of eggs ad¬ 
hering to grass or hay, and these eggs possess 
so much vitality that they may remain in a 
dormant condition upon hay for a loDg period. 
The eggs are discharged in the dung and be¬ 
come attached to the herbage, in all probabil¬ 
ity. and are thus transferred to the stomachs 
of other sheep. Older sheep are rarely troubled 
with them, being sufficiently vigorous to 
resist their effects ; but lambs pasturing after 
old sheep, are frequently attacked; very rarely, 
however, when pasturing upon fresh grass 
where older sheep have not tud. 
Knowino the naiure of the 
trouble, remedies suggest them¬ 
selves. To avoid pasturing 
lambs after old sheep; or the 
use of sheep manure upon 
grass lance; or the feeding to 
lambs < l hay that has teen cut 
after sheep have run over ihe 
grass, will generally secu e 
immunity. The usual remedy 
common among ehepheids is 
to mix one pound of salt with 
four ounces of finely pulver¬ 
ized c pperas, aud to give a 
heaped teaspoonful 1o each 
lamb before feeding in the 
morning. If any sheep cf 
mine were affected, I would 
try an ounce of linseed oil 
with half a drachm (half a tea¬ 
spoonful) of chloroform given 
on an empty stomach. I think 
it would be effective, but have 
not tried it. 
It is surprising that breed¬ 
ers will continue the attempts 
to reproduce Eagl : sh breeds 
in this country when they 
know our circumstances are 
entirely different. A writer 
on this subject say 8 : "Many 
of the breeds of sheep and 
cattle of England have inhab¬ 
ited the localities where they 
are now found, from time 
immemorial, aud if we are 
successful with them iu this 
country, it must be in similar 
localities.” This writer cannot know anything 
of what he professes to talk about. Where in 
the whole continent of America can a similar 
location to the South Downs of England be 
found; or the Cotswold Hills, or the Lincoln 
Meadows ? The English climate is insular, 
moist, cool, nearly equable the year round, 
and productive of such grass as will never be 
produced In America, where the climate is 
continental, and therefore hot and dry in the 
Summer, cold in the Winter, remarkably rig- 
