408 
FEB. 42 
THE BUBAL HEW-YOBKEB. 
SOME OF THE BEST HARDY ROSES. 
With Brief Hint* as to Culture. 
W. 0. BARRY, 
I know of no hardy plants which will render a 
garden more interesting and attractive than a 
choice collection of roses. There are many persons 
who suppose that rose culture is exceedingly diffi¬ 
cult, and who for this reason are unwilling to at¬ 
tempt It. This is an error, and the object of this 
article Is to demonstrate how easily the rose may 
he grown, as well as to call attention to some of 
those varieties which are best adapted lor general 
cultivation. 
Location —One of the principal requisites of the 
rose is a genial situation, We should select the 
best spot In our garden; a place which Is protected 
from bleak, cutting winds, and sheltered from the 
full force of a mid-day or afternoon’s sun. Too 
much shade must be avoided, as well as proximity 
to hedges or overhanging trees. An eastern as¬ 
pect, where the full benetlt of the morning sun 
may bo obtained, is the best, A hedge, wall or 
fence on the north, south and west sides will 
afford the necessary shade and shelter. Fences 
and walls, usually unsightly, may be rendered very 
ornamental by covering them with climbing vines 
and running roses. 8. Reynolds Hole, the well- 
known rusarian, says" The rose garden must be 
both exposed and sheltered, a place both of sun¬ 
shine and or shade. The center must be clear and 
open, around it the protecting screen. It must be 
a fold wherein the sun shines warmly on the sheep 
and the wind Is tempered to the shorn lamb-a 
haven In which the Bolt breeze flutters the sail, but 
over which t he tempest roars, and against whose 
piers the billow hurls Itself In vain. 1 ' 
To secure the best results our roses should be 
kept together and planted In rows In a prepared 
border, or In beds; when scattered about the 
garden it Is difficult to give them the care which 
they require, if we are content with moderate 
results, we can plant tUem here and there In the 
garden, where they will produco a line effect; but 
we must not expect such flne blooms as can be ob¬ 
tained from those plants which have the bsnellts 
of rich soil and shelter. 
Soil —It is absolutely necessary that the soli 
should bo well drained. The rose Is a great feeder 
and luxuriates In a rich, stiff loam, such as Is 
found In a well cultivated garden. If the soil is 
sandy and light, It should be made heavier by the 
addition of cow manure, clay or loam. It too heavy 
and stiff, lime, leaf mold and stable manure 
should be applied. 
Man tfhKS.—No plant that I am acquainted with 
shows so quickly the advantage of a well prepared 
soli as the. rose, lmlch ground P makes a luxu¬ 
riant growth and yields flowers In the greatest 
profusion. In pcor soil It makes no growth and 
quickly becomes the victim of disease and suffers 
from the attacks of various insects, so that it be¬ 
comes necessary, If you wish success with your 
roses, to plant them lu good ground, properly en¬ 
riched !u advance with well decomposed manure. 
Fresh manure Incorporated with the soil Just be¬ 
fore planting, is apt to Injure the roots of the 
plants, and unless suitable manure can be obtained 
it la better not to use any until after the plants 
. have started ; then the manure can be applied on 
the surface of the ground as a top-dressing and 
be left as a fetlfizer through the summer. It will 
keep the sou cool during the hot, dry weather, 
and will prevent the plant3 from suffering from 
drought. Then in the Fall, say In November, 
give each plant a liberal supply' or the best cow' 
manure, leaving' it around the plants durlug the 
Winter and tan ning It under In April, or all the 
manures which l have experimented with cow 
manure shows the best efleets-spent hops mixed 
with cow manure add value to the dressing. This 
mode of manuring should be practiced every Au¬ 
tumn. Liquid manure is very beneficial and can 
be applied occasionally during the Summer, but 
care must be taken that it be not too strong ; make 
it weak and apply it frequently. 
Pruning —T his Is an operation of great Impor¬ 
tance. We find the early Spring, before the plants 
have commenced to grow, the best time to prune. 
Some varieties require to be cut back more than 
others; but a rule which will apply generally is to 
shorten the strongest stems of last season’s 
growth to about IS or 24 Inches and cut out all 
weakly growth. We lake it for granted that the 
bushes make a growth of from live to seven feet 
during the season. In my garden several varie¬ 
ties make an annual growth or eight to nine feet, 
that is, when not 3 uinmer-pruned. A great many 
areatraldto use the knife vigorously and their 
plants suffer materially on this accouut. In order 
to obtain flowers lu Autumn the plants may he 
slightly pruned in July after th6 flowering season 
Is over. The plants will then produce a quantity 
of blooms again In September and the shape of 
the bushes will be improved. 
Planting —The spring Is the best season for 
planting, although where the Winters are not se¬ 
vere It oan be done In Autumn. It Is highly Im¬ 
portant to plant early, as roses suffer extremely If 
set out after the growth has started. April is the 
beat time in this locality. Secure your plants 
early, and If they are budded on the Manetti, 
plant them so that not only the stock but also a 
porilon of the bud will be covered with earth. 
This will enable the plant to send out roots above 
the hud, and la a short time the bush will be on 
its o wn roots. This point la worthy or serious con¬ 
sideration. It you ao not set out the plants your¬ 
self see that your gardener observes this sugges¬ 
tion, I prefer budded plants, except tor beds, to 
any others, as you obtain a stronger growth and 
larger and finer flowers than you do rrom plants 
on their own roots. Some object to budded plants 
on account of the suckers they send up. These 
suckers will not appear If the planting Is properly 
done, and any one Who loves roses will soon learn 
to distinguish the stock trom the plant, and as 
soon as a sucker appears It will quickly be cut out. 
Protection in Winter.— To protect against In¬ 
jury from severe weather In Winter, I would re 
commend laying down the shoots in the Autumn, 
the same as Is done with raspberry canes. In 
bending the stems be careful not to break them 
and cover with a few inches of earth, leaves or 
branches of evergreens. Sometimes the shoots 
make such a strong growth that It Is almost Im¬ 
possible to bend them without breaking, in this 
case It is better to tie them to stakes and cover 
them with straw. A little practice and experi¬ 
ence, however, will enable any one to lay down 
roses without Injuring them. 
Cark and Management During tub Growing 
Season.— Having procured strong, tbrllly plants, 
and having set them out properly In well prepared 
soli and in a good situation, your rosea ought, to 
make a good growth. If dry weather should pre¬ 
vail, liquid manure, well diluted, will be very ben¬ 
eficial, One of the greatest secrets of success In 
rose culture Is to keep the plants In a thrifty con¬ 
dition. As long as the plants are In robust health 
they easily resist the attacks or Insects, and wltb 
a little assistance from us they gain the battle 
every time. 
We hear it said frequently, "If I could only 
keep off the Insects, my roses would thrive.’ At 
the outset l am going to be plain and tell you that 
Insecrs are numerous, that they are great toes and 
can be conquered only by great Industry and per¬ 
severance. Now, if we esteem our roses as we 
ought to, we will be willing to devote some time 
to them every day. To tbe ardent lover of the 
Queen of Flowers, nothing la pleasanter than each 
morr.lng to make a tour or the rose garden wbtle- 
tlie plants are yet sparkling with myriads or dew 
drops, (low can we pas9 an hour more pleasant ly 
than In examining the variety of growth which 
the different kinds exhibit, in comparing the pe¬ 
culiarities of habit, in noting the marked vigor of 
some sorts, the thorny shoots of others and the 
beautiful foliage with which some varieties are 
Clothed, and, while engaged la this examination, 
let us keep on the lookout for the rose caterpillar, 
which in May makes lts appearance roiling Itselt 
up In the loaves. Its presence is easily detected, 
and we must at once make up our minus to put an 
end to its career by cruablDg it between our thumb 
and Angers. Go over every plant every day and 
rid them of this pest. The rose slug appears in 
July and August, and eats the leaves. It can be 
disposed of by hand-picking and by syringing the 
plants with a weak solution of whale-oil soap. 
White hellebore, sprinkled over the plants while 
the dew is upon them, will keep off other insects. 
Roses in Bush Form.— The bush form Is the one 
usually adopted and is perhaps, on the whole, the 
most satisfactory. Roses grown in this way pro¬ 
duce the finest blooms and furnish flowers a longer 
time than when pegged down. 
Roses Pegged Down.— This Is a method of bend- 
tDg the shoots so as to make the plants low and 
dwarf, it Is practiced to great advantage when 
making bfd3 of roses upon the lawn. Plants in¬ 
tended tor growing tn this way should be allowed 
to make their first season’s growth In the usual 
way. Early the following Spring shorten the long¬ 
est and strongest shoots a little and cut away tire 
weak steins. Then, before the buds atait, bend 
the shoots toward the ground and fasten them to 
It by wooden pegs or hooks such as you can obtain 
at auy pile of brush. It la surprising what a quan¬ 
tity of blooms will appear on each shoot making a 
superb display; but there is this disadvantage, 
that all the flowers appear nearly at one time, and 
there is uot that succession of blooms that there Is 
on the bush plant. Pegging down must be attend¬ 
ed to every Spring, preserving and bending down 
the best, wood aud cutting our weak growth. For 
beds on the outer edges of borders where tall 
growth would be objectionable, t his method can 
be practiced. 
Varieties. 
I shall recommend only those which oan be 
grown to the best advantage by the amateur cul¬ 
tivator. 
Alfred Color b— I name first because I regard 
It as the peer of any rose It has a vigorous habit, 
flue foliage, and It produces carmine-crimson 
flowers of beautiful forms and delightful fra- 
granoe. That famous raiser of roses, Lacharme, 
at Lyons, who rurely, it ever, rails to give us a 
good rose, originated this one. 
Anne dk Diesuaou Is oue of the older roses, 
which the newer sorts have not yet displaced. It 
lacks fullness of flowers, hut Its brilliant, carmine 
shade Is unequated and renders it one of the most 
effective roses. 
La France, now claimed among the Hybrid 
Teas, Is a rose the bSauiles of which It is difficult 
to portray. Possessing lu au eminent degree the 
delicious fragrance and perpetual-blooming quali¬ 
ties of the Tea Ruse, It has also sufficient hardi¬ 
ness to endure severe cold, when it receives a little 
extra care. It generally produces Its choice 
blooms so abundantly and continuously that great 
Injury Is done to the plant, uuless some of Its buds 
are removed. It is a most valuable variety, and 
should be included In every collection. 
John UoPpkk, one of the old favorites, has hard¬ 
ly an equal as a rose for general cultivation, it Is 
a model of healthy habit ami robust constitution; 
its flowers are large, full, or a bright rose-color 
with carmine centers. Among many varieties in 
my garden, it has given the best results with the 
least, care. 
(Jen Ural Jacqueminot, another old and well- 
known sort.. Jt, is hardy aud vigorous, and Its 
blooms, .though not so well formed as might be 
desired, are ol a brilliant crimson color, which 
always attracts and pleases. ’ 
Madam Victor Verdier Is a most beautiful, fine¬ 
ly-formed, very fragrant, iree-blooming rose, ot a 
earmine-orlmsou color. 
Comtksse Cjsotlk he Chabkilliant, though 
not large, is the admiration ot ail connoisseurs lor 
Its symmetrical blooms of a delicate pink shade. 
Marik Baumann on account of Its unequaled 
beauty, ought to have been placed first on the list. 
It resembles Alfred Colomb and Is finer, but It is 
probably not quite so valuable, being less vigorous. 
Perfect blooms such as it usually yields, possess 
the highest qualities which could be sought after 
lu a rose, and In competition with other sorts of its 
class almost Invariably takes the prize. 
Chas. Lefeb vre Is rapidly becoming one of the 
greatest favorites. Its large, well-formed, reddish- 
crimson flowers never fall to excite admiration, 
while Its good habit and flne foliage commend It to 
those who appreciate desirable qualities. 
Coquette dbs Blanches and Madame Alfred 
de Rougemont are valuable free-blooming, white 
roses, and yield an abundance of flowers during 
the Summer. There are many other white rosea 
propagated which produce exquisite flowers, but 
which are of no value, as they make such a poor 
growth. 
Louis Van Uodtte ls a variety which l esteem 
next to La France. Its elegant form, rich, velvety 
maroon color, and fragrance, Torn a combination 
of desirable characteristics rarely found In a single 
rose. 1 do hot hesitate to call It the best dark rose 
we have. 
Paul Neyuon is a real curiosity among roses on 
account of Its Immense size. Although very large, 
Its blooms are not ooarse, but. handsome and 
showy; the plant has ample foliage, Is a free 
grower and very vigorous; color deep rose. 
Baronne Pkkvort, one of the oldest sorts, la 
still much admired. Its flowers are of a pure rose- 
color, and Its habit Is all that could be desired. 
I.a Kkinb, surpassed by many others In beauty 
ot flower, Is valued chiefly for its hardiness, The 
flowers are large, moderately lull, and of a glossy 
rose-color. 
Victor vrkmer is a choice sort resembling John 
liopper, but devoid of fragrance. Its habit is good. 
Maurice Bbrnardin Is a flue free-flowering 
variety, producing vermllllon-eolored flowers. 
Caroline de 8ansa l bears pale flesh-colored 
flowers. It Is one of the best of the light roses. 
Madame Boll, an American rose, Ls much prized 
for its large oarmlne rose blooms and its rich, 
glossy foliage. 
Prince Camille de Rohan and Baron dk Bon- 
stetton are the two sorts upon which we have to 
depend mainly for our very dark flowers. 
Francois Miciiklon Is a superb variety, of a 
deep carmine rose-color. It yields an abundance 
of flowers In Summer, when the other varieties are 
out of bloom. 
Marguerite de St. Amandb distinguishes her¬ 
self as an autumnal bloomer, producing a profu¬ 
sion of rose-colored flowers in Autumn, 
Maroltse de Castkllane verities the adage “ no 
roses without thorns.” Its shoots are remarkably 
thorny; Its flowers are noted for their bright car¬ 
mine rose color. 
Baroness Rothschild Is a channlDg sort—flow¬ 
ers large, of fine globular form and of a pale, flesh 
color. 
Mad’llk Eugenie Verdier Is a beautiful and 
graceful rose with large, finely formed blooms of a 
silvery rose color. 
Mad’lle Marik Rady bears superb, brlght>red, 
fragrant roses. 
Countess of Oxford produces very showy car- 
inlue-colored flowers, ana ls the most valuable aud 
effective variety. 
General W ashington, one of the older kinds, 
still merits a place in collections. It bears an 
abundance ot bright red blooms shaded with crim¬ 
son. Among 
Climbing Uobks Baltimore Belle, bearing white 
flowers, and Queen ot the Prairies, producing red 
blooms, are still favorites. The new hybrid climb¬ 
ing rose, Jules Margotun, bids fair to become val¬ 
uable. Among the 
Summer Rose,s which bloom but once, yet seem 
Indispensable, are Madame Hardy and Madame 
Planner, with pure white, well-formed flowers, and 
the Persian Yellow, bearing beautiful bright yel¬ 
low blooms. Prominent among the 
Mosses are the common Glory of Mosses, Crest¬ 
ed and Halet, 
All the roses in the above selection are valuable 
and desirable. Any one who ls willing to observe 
the cultural directions given can succeed In grow¬ 
ing superb roses. For further information on 
this subject S. Reynold Hole’s " Book About 
Roses.” and Mr. Hlbberd’s “ Amateur Rose Book 
are strongly recommended. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
-- — 
ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBBERY 
FOR THE SOUTH. 
II. W. RAVKNKL. 
In accordance with your request lor an article 
on the best evergreen and deciduous trees for the 
South, I propose to speak of our native trees and 
shrubs specially—those which are In reach of every 
one who wishes an attractive and pleasant home. 
But the*‘South” embraces a vast region, with 
groat variety of temperature, soil, and other re¬ 
quirements of vegetation; and also a diversified 
flora, more or less suitable lor various localities, 
from which selections may be made. I must nec¬ 
essarily confine myself to the region ot which I 
can speak rrom personal knowledge, and direct 
attention only to those which may be useful for 
ornamental purposes ; for improvement and deco¬ 
ration ot lawns; tor gardens, hedges, shrubberies 
and household surroundings. Of our 
Evergreen*, 
The Live Oak (Quercus vlrens), a majestic tree 
and king of the forests, holds the first rank. Un¬ 
fortunately for the Interests of horticulture, Its 
nabltat ls rather restricted, and beyond the damp, 
rich soils of the southern seaboard.lt seldom at- 
attains to its imperial proportions. The shape 
and form of this tree are peculiar. With a trunk 
sometimes tour to five feet In diameter, it rarely 
reaches beyond so to GO teet lu bight. The trunk 
soon becomes foraed and divided into gigantic 
limbs, which extend on all sides around the base, 
almost touching the ground, and covering a space 
or so or 00 feet in diameter. The upper portion la 
again subdivided, unlit the main axla of growth la 
scarcely recognizable, the whole tree forming a 
compact, oval or rounded head. In the vicinity or 
Charleston,for some is or 20 miles around,there are 
many magnificent avenues of these trees, consid¬ 
erably over 100 years old, planted out In colonial 
times by the wealthy proprietors at their country- 
seats. Some of them are nearly a mile long and 
consist of four rows of these veterans, throwing 
out their huge llmb8 on all sides, and Intercrossing 
each other so as to form a dense shade. These 
trees are the favorite resting-place of the Long 
Moss (Tlllandsla), and are orten so much covered 
with this long, gray drapery as to present a 
sombre aspect at a distance. 
The "Big Laurel” (Magnolia grandtflora).—This 
splendid tree, with its thick, glossy leaves and 
huge while, fragrant flowers, attaining a hlght of 
go to SO feet, ls one of the finest evergreens known. 
Its native range Is along the seaboard, from North 
Carolina to Florida, and beyond the Mississippi 
Into Texas; but It is now In cultivation all through 
the South, and Improved varieties are already 
known. Unlike the Live oak. It haw a bare, 
smooth trunk, and a regular pyramidal head. I have 
seen splendid specimens of this tree in the neigh¬ 
borhood of Darien. Ga,. in Florida, and tn Texas, 
near Houston, with trunks two to three feet In 
diameter. 
Wild Orange- Wild Olive (Cerasus Carolini¬ 
ans).—This favorite evergreen ls extensively cul¬ 
tivated along the Atlantic states. Though not as 
large as the Live Oak or Magnolia, rarely exceed¬ 
ing ao or 40 feet In hlght, It is so easily propagated 
by seeds, and of such rapid growth, that Its culti¬ 
vation has extended all over the country, and In 
certain (sections oue wlU find every homestead 
surrounded with trees or this kind, it bears ex¬ 
cessive pruning and may be brought lDto any re¬ 
quired shape. For tall hedges, or any fanciful 
form, It ls peculiarly adapted. The rich, glossy 
leaves In Winter, with racemes of white, pendant 
flowers in early spring, give It a cheerful aspect. 
Hedges or low-branching trees should be protected 
from cattle, as they are fond ot the leaves, which, 
if eaten too freely, are poisonous. Although called 
Wild Orange or Wild Olive, It has no affinities 
with either, but belongs rather to the Wild Cherry 
family. 
We have other evergreens of smaller size, but 
none as suitable for home decoration as those 
above named. The Sweet Bay (Magnolia glauca) 
ls an evergreen In this latitude; but the form of 
the tree and the foliage are defective. I have seen 
the Loblolly Bay (Gordonla Laslanthus) and tbe 
Red Bay (Fersea) used fort-hat, purpose, but they 
want compactness of form to render them at¬ 
tractive. 
Our ornamental evergreens are mostly confined 
to the broad-leaved species ; but the Red Cedar ls 
highly prized In certain localities, and I have seen 
two "Old Field Pines” (Plnus tieda and P. mltlB) 
used for large lawns with good effect, by placing 
them far enough apart to encourage, the growth 
of the lower limbs, thus giving a pyramidal form 
of compact growth, instead or the tall, bare trunks 
which are seen In the woods, of 
Deciduuuw Tree* 
we have a much greater variety, and for the aver¬ 
age country home there are always many good 
kinds lu every neighborhood trom which selec¬ 
tions can be made. 
The Oaks hold the first rank, and are so univer¬ 
sally distributed that there need be no difficulty In 
obtaining flne shade and ornamental trees in every 
region of country. The Water Oak and the Willow 
or Laurel-leaved Oak are probably the favorites on 
account ot their symmetrical form, compact heads 
and denBe foliage. As a general rule, the small- 
leaved trees are to be preferred for the lawn, as 
more attractive for beauty of iorm and a more 
perfect shade than those with large leaves. These 
do not attain to so great a size a3 the Black Oak, 
the Scarlet oak, and the Red Oak, which three 
last 1 have seen used with flne effect upon the 
strong clay soils of the rnlddlo and upper regions 
or the Atlantic states. 
The Elms are also favorite trees for the lawn, 
both the common aud the Feathered Elm. The 
former Is the larger tree, and on rich, damp soils 
will attain a hlght of 50 to go reet. The spreading 
limbs, drooping branchlets and dense foliage make 
It one ot the most graceful trees. The Feathered 
Elm la a smaller tree, of more compact and rigid 
growth. 
Maples, Poplars, the sycamore, and the Tulip 
Tree are often used, and there are many others 
which may be employed to advantage where the 
oaks and elms cannot be had. 
The Pride of India (Mella Azedaracb), though 
an exotic, is so thoroughly naturalized aud now so 
extensively used throughout the South as to de¬ 
serve notice. For gracefulness ot foliage there are 
few trees more ornamental. The clusters of lilac 
flowers open In Spring Just as the young leaves are 
expanding, and tbe yellow berries hang on the 
trees all Winter, it, grows readily from seed, ls of 
rapid growth, and makes a compact, woll-rormed 
tree of some so to 40 feet In hlght. The wood ot 
old trees, though coarse-grained, ls of a dark- 
brown, and 1 have seen cabinet-work made of ft 
that would compare In beauty with that from the 
walnut and maple. 
Hedges for fencing purposes are not common at 
the South. I have seen the Cherokee Rose, the 
Osage Orange, and two or three species of Thorn 
(Crataigus) used, but they are all more or less un¬ 
satisfactory—perhaps for want of the proper man¬ 
agement. For 
Ornamental (shrubbery 
and hedge work about g irdens, the beautiful ex¬ 
otic, 
Euonyaius Japonious, has become the general 
favorite, It strikes readily from cuttings, grows 
rapidly and soon forms a dense, compact mass of 
dark-green foliage. It la easily pruned into any 
desirable shape, and preserves Its rich, glossy 
foliage throughout the year, The older plants 
mature seed abundantly, and the scailet ber¬ 
ries in Winter give additional attractiveness. 
The Wild Grange la also extensively used ror 
hedging aud ornamental shrubbery, by cutting 
back the plant when young ana by pruning after¬ 
ward. 
The R ed Cedar Is also very much used lor 
