MARCH 42 
m 
474 
t>B »» n «« m a i. 
is no unimportant or easy task, for it requires 
that the hay be not musty, that the grain be 
not soured, that the roots be not rotted, and it 
requires that the water be uncontaminat: d, 
and the atmosphere of the stable free from the 
odors of dung and urine and all decaying mut¬ 
ter. Not clean inside only but clean outside also. 
Clean skin as well as clean hair, clean udder 
and clean switch. 
How shall we keep cows clean outside as well 
as inside, and keep them thus with comfort to 
themselves and with profit to ourselves? 
and not always cleanly, for many cows seem to 
take pains to lie down in their freshly dropped 
dung, possibly because of its warmth. The 
neck-strap with running ring and open man¬ 
ger is comfortable but not cleanly, for the cow 
is very apt to place her front feet in the man¬ 
ger and while in that position dang upon the 
platform. 
The measurements given above apply to 
stalls for Jersey cows ; they should be varied 
of course according to the general size of the 
breed; but for all kinds of cows these stalls 
will be found, I believe, cleanly and comfort¬ 
able for the animals and convenient and not 
expensive for the owners. 
a high pitch of perfection, and great as are 
the results already obtained, there is no reason 
why they will not be exceeded, and we shall 
hive, if we do not possess already, the best 
animals of every breed to be, found in the 
world- We once * cornered ” the market on 
Short-horus of the Duchess family and can do 
it soon again in Jerseys, Holstetns and Ayr- 
sh'res, as well as Durbams. 
Ma. Simpson and Mr. James 8 illman, both 
of New York city, have recently entered the 
“Jersey” arena, aud with plenty of money are 
stocking their farms with the choicest speci¬ 
mens they can select and purchase. 
THE GUENON MILK-MIRROR 
(See Illustration on first pa^e. 
The name of the simple Bordeaux peasant, 
is, and should be, permanently associated with 
his discoveiy that the milking qualities of 
cows were, to a considerable extent, Indicated 
by certain external marks easily observed. We 
had long known that capacious udders aud 
large milk veius, combined with good diges¬ 
tive capacity and a general preponderance of 
the alimentary over the locomotive system, 
were indications that rarely misled in regard 
to the ability of a cow to give much milk; but 
to judge of the amount of milk a cow would 
yield, and t'ne length of time she would hold 
out in her iluw, two or three years before she 
could be called a cow—this was Gucnon’sgreat 
accomplishment, aud the one lor which he 
was awarded u gold medal by the Agricultural 
Society of his native district. This was the 
first of many honors with which he was re¬ 
warded, and it is much to Bey that no commit¬ 
tee of agriculturists who have ever investi¬ 
gated the merits of the system have ever 
spoken disparagingly of it. Those who most 
closely study' it, especially following Guenon’s 
original system, which has never been 
essentially improved upon, are most positive 
in regard to its truth, and enthusiastic in 
regard to its value. 
The fine, soft hair upon the hiuder part of a 
cow’s udder lor the most part turns upward. 
This upward-growing hair extends in most 
cases all over that part of the udder visible 
between tbe hind legs, but is occasionally 
marked by spots or mere lines, usually slender 
ovals, iu which tbe hair grows down. This 
tendency of tbe bair to giow ujiward is not 
confined to tbe udder proper; but extends out 
upon the tbiglis and upward to the tail. The 
edges ol this space over which the hair turns 
up are usually distinctly marked, aud, as a 
rule, the larger the area of this space, which 
is called the "mirror” or “ escutcheon,” the 
more milk the cow will give, and the longer 
she will continue in milk. 
That portion of the escutcheon which 
W. S. Taylor, Burlington, New Jersey, is 
refilling his stublea, but it will be hard for him 
to duplicate “ Favorite of the Elms.” It has 
been said that the famous .Jersey bull, Sarpi- 
don supposed to be dead, has been found inter, 
vivos, and is claimed as a deodand by several 
persons who would like to act us high priests. 
The American Jereey Cattle Clnb has ex¬ 
tended its rules regulating the importation of 
animals from the Island of Jersiy, so that they 
did not go into effect until March 1st. 
Mr. Burnham of Saugatuck, Connecticut, 
is reported as the.purehaser of one or more of 
the high-priced cows lately sold on the Island 
of Jereey. 
STOCK NOTES 
A most serious calamity has befallen not 
only the owners bat the breeders of Jersey cat¬ 
tle generally, in the loss by fire of 51 head 
of that breed which were burned in the 
barns of the “Elizabeth Farm” of the Coleman 
estate at Brickerville, P iun, This estate, under 
tbe management of its efficient agent, Mr. 
Cameron, had got together a very choice selec¬ 
tion of animals of various breedings and val¬ 
uable strains of blood which had already had 
their merits tested and appreciated at the 
prominent cattle exhibitions, and but for this 
fatal calamity would have made their mark 
throughout the country iu their offspring. 
Among these auimalo were a bull and twelve 
young cows from the choicest of the Yokun 
Farm herd of Mr. Goodmau of Lenox, Mass. 
The breeders on the Island of Jersey have 
had another prickiug of the ears lately by the 
purchase of three of the best cows at the re¬ 
puted price of $1,000 each. Some of our young 
“ bloods” w:th inherited wealth, are as lavish 
on cow3 as Mr. Vanderbilt is on horses and pic¬ 
tures, and generally they fiud their money well 
invested. The best returns have come from 
these apparently excessive expenditures, and 
if to-day one Jersey bull could be selected as 
primus inter pares, he $onld be bought at any 
price within reason, soy $5,000 to $10,000, and 
money be m ide from him. But enterprise and 
judicious liberality are not confined to the 
wealthy breeders. Only a few years since an 
intelligent mechanic came from Jersey City to 
his native place in Curtisville, Mass., settled 
upon the old farm, bought a few of the best 
Jerseys, found it a profUabl 
Co., Trumansburg, I found them overcrowded 
with business. They have added many new 
machines to tbeir line of manufacture during 
tbe past season, aud as their goods are well 
known for superior workmanship, th>-y have 
already made a first-class reputation and are 
meeting with large sales. Their Meadow King 
Mower has been made and sold by them for 
the past fourteen years, aud it stands in the 
frout rank of implements of this class and is 
well known throughout this country. Messrs. 
Gregg & Co. were the pioneers in the plow 
sulky line, having brought out the Osborne 
Plow Sulky m 1870. lie sale has steadily in¬ 
creased irorn year to year, while this year it 
promises to double that of any former one. 
This firm have been testing a new light reaper, 
of which they will bring out a limited number 
this season. It will be known as the Gregg 
Reaper. They cut with one of them last year 
over 700 acres of wheat, oats, buckwheat and 
barley, moving the machine over 70 miles in 
doing it. It stood the test well. If it does as 
well this season, Messrs. Gregg & Co. will 
build a largo number of them for the season of 
1882. Their orders for King of the Lawn and 
1 oung America -Lawn Mowers show a large 
increase over previous years. w. h. k. 
rod 30 niches long and secured perpendicularly 
at the left of the cow, Fig. 149. Let the cow reach 
the food in her manger by putting her head 
through an oval opening which shall be 20 
inches from top to bottom and 36 inches from 
right to left, and let tbe lowest point of the 
bottom of this opening be 28 inches from the 
platform which the cow stands on. Let the 
bottom of tbe manger be about a foot from the 
level of the platform and about three feet wide 
and 20 inches broad. 
This form of cow-stall (which may be fre¬ 
quently met with, hut which I have never seen 
except in our own stables) seems to keep the 
cow secure, comfortable and clean. The 12 
inches of chain which connects the neck-strap 
with the 20-inch perpendicular rod give the 
cow ample room to lie down, to get up and to 
reach the food in all parts of her manger; it 
does not cramp the cow when lying down, ris¬ 
ing up or reaching for food in the coiner of 
the manger, as do all forms of stauehions. 
The oval collar in front of the manger pre¬ 
vents the cow from stepping into it (as is fre¬ 
quently the caae with unprotected mangers 
and cows tied by the neck-strap) und, whiio 
thus advanced on the platform, dunging upon 
that part of it where they will soon rest their 
flanks and bag when lying down. The eleva¬ 
tion of three or four inches above the passage¬ 
way allows the dung and urine to fall entirely 
off of the platform. 
Now cover the platform and passage-way 
with a thlu coating of powdered gypsum, and 
then two inches of dry sawdust—and unless 
you have cows more “fidgety’’ than auy I 
have ever encountered, you may expect to 
fiud them, morning, noon and evenimr Maa* 
covers 
the udder and extendsout on the inside of each 
thigh, has been designated as the udder or 
mammary mitror; thut which runs upward 
towards the setting on of the tail, the rising or 
placental mirror The mammaiy mirror is of 
the greater value, yet the rising mirror is not 
to be disregarded. It is regarded of especial 
moment that the mirror, taken as a whole, be 
symmetrical, and especially that the mammary 
mirror be so; y-t it often occurs that it is far 
otherwise, its outline being often very fantas¬ 
tical—exhibiting deep bays, so to speak, and 
islands of downward growing hair. There are 
also eertaiu “ovals,”never very large, yet dis¬ 
tinct, which do not detract from the estimated 
value of an escutcheon ; notably those occur¬ 
ring on the lobes of the udder just above the 
hind teats. These are eupposed to be points 
of value, though for what reason it would be 
hard to tell, yet they do occur upon some of 
the very best milch cows, and those whose 
mirrors cor respond most closely to their per¬ 
formances. 
Mr. Guenon’s discovery enables breeders to 
determine which of their calves are most 
e business, aud 
moved to a larger farm near Westfield in the 
same State, where his business prospers. 
At Lmox Furnace, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
is the farm of a young and enterprising breed¬ 
er, E. M. Washburn, who, inheriting a well cul¬ 
tivated property, has turned it into a Holstein 
breeding establishment, and his neat eatalogne 
just issued, of seven bulls and thirty females, 
some of the latter weighing 1,000 to 1,400 
pounds, shows how rapidly he has filled up his 
Btables with superior animals. Mr. W. has 
not been content with having all the “modern 
conveniences,” such as steam power for work¬ 
ing, pumping water, cutting up feed and en¬ 
silage tanks, and then lookiug round to select 
his cows and bulls, but sent a competent man 
direct to Holland and imported his own cows 
and has made money by doing so. Mr. Wash¬ 
burn for many years past, has made a easiness 
i»f sending milk to New York, as most of the 
families along the Hoosatouic Valley have 
done, and he sayi he has never found any 
cows of any breed that would equal the aver¬ 
age of his present herd of Holsteins in quan- 
The Watertown Wagon Co. 
The flattering success which the Watertown 
wagons have met with since tlieir first intro¬ 
duction has induced the Watertown Spring 
Wagon Co. to add to their line of manufacture 
several styles of three-spring wagons and one 
with an elliptic spring in front and platform 
springs in rear, and with reach. These wag¬ 
ons will be made in the excellent style which 
has secured for ibis company ils high reputa¬ 
tion and extensive sales. L ist year thiy were 
compelled to enlarge their works aud this year 
they will have to build another addition to 
meet the wauls of their large increase iu busi¬ 
ness. Iu order to facilitate their Western 
shipments they have established warerooms, 
with Messrs. A. A. Abbott & Co. as managers, 
at 298 & 300 WabaBh Avenue, Chicago, Ill. 
The Watertown Wagon Co. have good reasons 
for the extraordinary success la their businees, 
as they keep up thu standard of their work, 
use nothing but first-class material and em¬ 
ploy none but skilled workmen, and all their 
wagons and bnggies are first-class and come 
fully up to representation. x. 
Good Tools. —When a farmer or gardener 
is about to invest in a tool costing several dol¬ 
lars, be tskes pains to post bimself as to the 
different brands, and tries to get the best. 
Yet the small tools, and many of them such 
as are used every day the year round, are 
bought without much regard as to who made 
them or as to their qualify This is especially 
true of such a tool, say. as a pocket knife. 
When a pocket-knife Is needed the stock 
of the country store is examined and one 
selected because it seems to be good. But 
we have all fouud out to our sorrow that knives 
are rarily made to cut uow-a-days, but are. 
like the man's razors, made to sell We know 
of DO tool that needs to be more reliable than 
tbe pocket-knife, for most of the time It is the 
oDly one at hand to help one out of adifHeulty, 
and we are glad in this connection to call at¬ 
tention to the advertisement, of Maher & Grosh 
in another column who advertise *• knives 
to cut," and to assure orr readers they will do 
just what they promise to do. ' b. 
how to keep a cow clean.— fig. 159 
and the whole cow carded and brushed once a 
day. 
Of all the forms of cow fastenings, other than 
this which I am describing, the stanchion is 
the cleanest and cheapest aud most convenient, 
but it is open to the ohj 'lion of being too 
severe and rigid for he v or sickly or stiff- 
jointed cattle. The box* 11 conduces to the 
animal’s comfort certainly, but is expensive 
like so many balf-breeds or natives, has also a 
vicious, unquiet disposition, her milk is affect¬ 
ed and the consumers, especially if babies, 
soon show the effects. 
CLEAN 
RICHARD GOODMAN, JR. 
arc beginning to recognize, slowly but, 
heless, surely, that to make the best 
we must, among other things, keep the 
Jan. Not clean inside only; though this 
New England and the Middle States (and the 
South and West soon will) have numbers of 
young, enterprising breeders who are not only 
buying tha best cattle abroad, but breeding to 
