248 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
MARCH 26 
^tailing far t|r ||aung. 
FARMING I OR B0Y8 AND GIRLB-NO. 16. 
HXNBY 8TBWART. 
Artificial Fertilizer*. 
The whole universe comes to the help or the 
farmer. For him the sun shines, the showers fall; 
the dews distil; the lightning flashes; plants 
grow; animals live and all nature works in Its silent 
and mysterious, but beautiful manner. Even 
the myriads or fish which swarm In the Southern 
oceans, and the countless flocks of sea birds which 
Inhabit the lonely, rocky Islets and barren coasts 
of those oceans, have been existing and working 
for ages, for the farmer’s benefit. 
in the depths of those oceans there have been 
growing minute plants upon which some of those 
fish feed. These flBh have furnished food for mil¬ 
lions of sea birds. These birds have made their 
roosting places and their neats upon the barren 
rocks which were avoided by the sailors on ac¬ 
count of the treacherous reefs and shoals which 
surrounded them. Bere in solitary safety, the 
birds have bred and fed and died, for centuries, 
until their droppings and their dead bodies have 
ac. umulated in deep beds covering the rocks, as 
no r In falls Id this part of the ocean, these drop¬ 
pings were preserved In the most perfect manner 
and retained every soluble part that might other¬ 
wise have been washed away. These beds of sea¬ 
bird dung furnish the most valuable of artificial 
manures which Is known as Peruvian Guano. 
Guano Is named from a Peruvian word, “ huano,” 
which means dung or manure, and was in use by 
the Peruvians when the continent was first dis¬ 
covered by the Spaniards. It is remarkably rich 
In ammonia and phosphoric acid, good samples 
containing 10 to 15 per cent of the former and 13 
per cent, of the latter, with more than two per 
csent. of potash. It Is most valuable because It la 
nearly wholly soluble and therefore acts very 
rapidly; too pounds of good guano contain as 
much ammonia as 3,000 pounds of good manure 
and as much phosphoric acid as 6,000 pounds; 
and being thus so very rich, It should be used with 
caution. From Us character It Is found useful lor 
all crops, but Is especially valuable for grass, root 
crops, garden vegetables and others which require 
abundance of ammonia. 
Superphosphate of lime Is the next valuable 
fertilizer. This is really artificial tn every sense 
because It Is made and never round naturally. It 
Is made from phosphate of Ume, a compound of 
lime and phosporlc acid, which exists in bones 
and In a rock known as apatite or natural 11 rock 
phosphate.'’ But phosphate of lime does not con¬ 
tain as much phosphoric acid as the fanner wants 
for hla crops, and he therefore employs the ohem- 
lst to change the character or it, and give It an 
extra quantity of the acid and thus make of the 
simple phosphate a super or extra phosphate. 
Lime and phosphoric acid unite naturally in the 
proportion of three parts of the former to one of 
the latter. The chemist calls this tru calcic (three- 
lime) phosphate. In this state It Is not soluble, 
except in bones which are only slowly soluble. 
But the farmer wants his fertilizer to act at 
once. The chemist then mixes sulphuric acid with 
the natural rock phosphate or with the bones, and 
this acid takes away from the phosphoric acid two 
parts of lime and leaves only one part of It. This 
is the super phosphate, of the former, because the 
phosphoric acid is lo excess; and It Is the 7 no no- 
calcic (one-lime) phosphate of the chemist. In 
this state it is completely soluble, and If applied to 
a crop of wheat, or turnips, or to a grass field, its 
effects are seen at once. Bones finely ground are 
sometimes used In place of the superphosphate of 
lime and are very valuable, but they act slowly, 
and the farmer sometimes Is not Inclined to wait 
for their effect upon the crops. 
Gypsum is known as plaster. It Is a sort, whit¬ 
ish rock, which contains 32# parts of lime; 46# 
parts of sulphuric acid, and 21 (parts of water la 
loo. For use as a fertilizer it Is ground in mills 
very finely, and la spread upon the crops. It has 
a remarkable effect upon clover aod la mostly 
used for that crop or for corn. It la found very 
useful when scattered upon manure heaps or 
stable floors, as It readily combines with am¬ 
monia, and forms a sulphate. The ammonia in 
the state of carbonate, la combined with carbonic 
aold. As we have previously seen, lime is very 
eager for carbonic acid, and as ammonia Is just 
as eager for sulphuric acid, the carbonic add leaves 
the ammonia and unites with' the Ume, forming 
carbonate of lime; while the sulphuric acid and 
the ammonia unite, and form sulphate of am¬ 
monia ; a change of partners, as it were, all round. 
When a quantity of gypsum Is scattered over a 
strong smelling stable, these new combinations 
are formed, and the ammonia la fixed and Is no 
longer apparent to the scent. It is thus saved 
from waste and loss. 
Potash salts are brought from the salt mines of 
Germany. They consist of potash In combination 
with sulphuric acid, or muriatic, (otherwise called 
hydro-chloric) add, and mixed with common salt 
and magnesia. They have been found very useful 
and have largely taken the place of the wood ashes 
which were once abundant, but of late years have 
become very scarce. Potash salts are chiefly used 
In mixtures with other fertilizers; or by them¬ 
selves upon grass lands. 
PUZZLER ANSWKRS-March 12. 
Hidden Titles eok Males.— 1. Earl. 2. Lord. 3. 
Sir. 4. Jinron. 5. Count. 6. Duke 7. Prince. 8. ViB- 
count. 9. Knight, lu. Marquis. 11. Squire. 
Tennvsonjan Enigma.—“H e makes no friends who 
never made a foe.” 
Balmy sleep, good digestion, rich blood, elastic 
step and cheerfulness In Hop Bitters. 
giant*, 
GERANIUMS::-^- 
’S’GERANIUMS 
ELLWANGER & BARRY, 
ROCHESTER, N . Y. 
800,000 No. 1 PEACH TREES. 
Over eighty varieties. Among which can be found 
kinds suited to all sectionn, including all the new and 
old standard sorts. AImo 300,000 Apple Trees, 200,000 
of them extra long.keeping varieties, adapted to 
Southern planting or wherever long keeping apples 
are desirable 1 also offer a full line of all kinds of 
Nursery stock, at prices to suit, the times. Apples and 
Peach Trees, Grapevines, Kaapberries, Blackberries. 
Strawberries, lienee. Shrubbery and Hothouse plants 
sent by mail to all sections. Catalogues showing how 
and what to plant, with much valuuble information, 
mailed gratis to all applicants. RANDOLPH PE¬ 
TERS, Great Northern and Southern Nursery, Wil¬ 
mington, Del. 
Pi*allan*0U*. 
TDCCO rBU,Ta " d 
I If L C U ORNAMENTAL. 
One of the largest and most complete assortments of 
any size desired. Also, Flowering Shrubs, Grape 
Vines, and Hraall Fruits. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS A SPECIALTY. 
Send for Prices and Descriptive Catalogue free. 
, WM. H, MOON, Morrisvitlo, Pa 
60 miles from New York and Wnntles from Philad'a. 
Vegetable, Farm and Flower Seeds, 
FERTILIZERS & GARDEN REQUISITES, 
At Retail and Wholesale, sent to any part of the 
United States. 
Catalogues mailed FREE to any address. 
TKORBURN & CARSON, 
125 Chambers Street, New York. 
'CATALOGUE 1 
FREE 
.E.FASSETT &BI 
ASHTABULA-OHIO. 
THE NEW CRAPES. 
omer oiaer varieties ot merit, bptenrtid i and 2 vears 
Delaware layers,4*to 4SUper 100 , 860 to $100per t.ooo. 
Fine foreign grape-, including Welcome, for viner 
les. I'uthlierr, Gregg- and Din in moth (lluslcr 
Raspberries. Glenaat* and Hharpies* straw¬ 
berries. Magnificent ever-blooming Roi.es, by mall, 
81 per dozen; by express, $t> per 100.850 per 1,000. 
Three strong 2 years, or four 1 yoxrLndyor Brighton, 
post-paid, for ®L Circulars tree 
GEO. W.CAMPBELL. 
Dulawakk, Ohio. 
FOR 30 CTS. I WILL SEND 
APv A package each of VERBENA, 
BLOTCHED PETUNIA. DOUBLl! 
PINK and Sugar Trough GOURD 
iPgK?. -JseissS SEED. Also my Illustrated Self- 
Vp----ja l SuppoB’nxG 
PSlgBPi Truss Fence Plan. 
Flowers the choicest Gourds hold from 3 to 10 gallons 
each. Fence portable, and 30 cents a rod cheaper than 
post and hoard. Thirty cents pays for all. AadresB 
SEEDS. 
Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, 
Reliable Fresh and Pare, at reasonable prices. 
(Established 1839.) 
A. V. KENDALL, 
Successor to STAIR & KENDALL, 
Cleveland Seed Store, Cleveland, Ohio. 
OUR LITTLE ONES. 
For April, 15 cents. All Newsdealers have it. $1.50 a 
year. Liberal terms to Agents. Send three cent stamp 
for specimen to RUSSELL PUBLISHING OO., 
Boston, Mass. 
GATKb’ 
GARGET CURE. 
For tlie Cure and Prevention of Gar¬ 
get In Cattle. 
(W Teats Partially destroyed, Restored to 
their Natural Condition. Kernels in Teats 
or Udder removed Speedily and Surely. 
Ia-mKw All Stringy SubKtanr.ee or bunches in Un¬ 
der removed by t to 3 bottles. Blood or Sediment in 
Milk, from 1 dose to 1 bottle. 
SOLE PROPRIETOR. 
JOHN B. GATES, 
Worcester, Mass. 
17 Harvard Street. 
.►S'”Price 75 cts. per Bottio, or 3 for $2. 
The Only Remedy 
That Acts at the Same Time on 
The Liver, The Bowels and The Kidneys 
This combined (Xcfion elves it wonderful 
power to cure nil diseases. 
Why Are We Sick? 
Becav wire allow these great organs to be¬ 
come clogged or torpid, and poisonous hu¬ 
mors are therefore forced into the blood 
that should he expelled naturally. 
($1.00) 
The 
Biliousness, Piles, Constipation. Kidney 
Complaints and Diseases, Weak¬ 
nesses and Nervous Disorders. 
by case sing free action of these organs and 
restoring their power to throw off disease. 
Why Suffer Bilious pains and aches t 
Why tormented with Piles, Constipation! 
Why frightened overdisorilered Kidneys % 
Why endure nervous or sick headaches! 
Why have sleepless nigh la I 
Use KIDNEY WORT and rejoice in 
health. It. is a dry, vegetable compound and 
One package will make six qtaof Medicine. 
Oet it of yout Druggist, he will order it 
for you. Price, $1.00. 
WELLS, EIOBASESON k CO., Prcpnotois, 
I | (WULend post paid.) Burlington, Yt. 
^uMiraiintw, 
MUSIC BOOKS 
— SCHOOLS. 
C2Hrxllcj 150 cts.) The latest book 
g-' Oil JDOLLJS. lorOomnirm Schools. By 
L. O. Kmkkhon. Has a great variety of cheerful, 
gonial, musical songs, euch as the girls and boys must 
like, and also a good Elementary Course. 
Among our older and standard School Song Books, 
that are still favorites, and in oouftant demand, we 
mention Whip-pour-Will, (fto eta.) Mucking 
Bird, tfiO cts,)and Goldeu Rubin, (50 cts.) ail by 
W. O. Pebkixb. 
Welcome Chorus. ( ®The 
latest Books for High Schools, Academies and Semi¬ 
naries. By IV. S. Tildes. Is of Dio best character, 
and well fitted to follow those most successful books, 
the High School Choir, ($1.) and the Hum nt 
S4i ngi ug, ($ t.) both by Emerson and Tii.den ; and the 
Laurel Wreath, ($1). by W. O. Perkins. We also 
mention Emerson’* Oimi tel* nod I 'boruse* for 
Mule Voices, (60 cts.) Just out, us a good book for 
practice in High Schools, Academies and Colleges. 
Operettas ami Cantatas for Scliool Exhibitions. 
Coronation, (80 cts.) Culprit Fay, ($1.) Fairy Bridal, 
(50 cts.) Flower Queen, (new, 7ft cts ) Guardian An¬ 
gel, <50 cts.) Hour in Fairy Land, (80 cts.) Miracle of 
Roses. <6u cts.) Little Bo Peep, (tkicts ) Maud Irving, 
(50 cts.) New Year's Eve, (So cts.) Three Little Kit¬ 
tens, (60 cts.) Quarrel among Flower*. (36 cts.) Hpring 
Holiday. (fiOcts.) aud Cinderella, (SU eta.) arc all lively 
and pretty Cantatas. 
OLIVER DITSON dfc CO.; Boston. 
O. H. DITSON & CO. J, E. DITSON & CO, 
843 Broadway. New York. 1118 Chestnnt St., Phila. 
SICK 
Folki should «<nd * thro- cent 
•lamp for a fr,.c book of nearly 
100large octavo paces, full of 
v»ln*Ma noli-, by Dr. K. B. 
Foote, tin* author of 
MEDICAL COMMON SEISE HD PLAIN HOME TALK. 
In response to the urgent requests of great 
numbers of people who prefer to purchase a 
Kidney-Wort already prepared, the pro¬ 
prietors of tlua celebrated remedy now pre¬ 
pare It In liquid form as well aa dry. It Is 
very concentrated, is put up In large bottles, 
and Is equally efficient aa that put up dry In 
tin cans. It eaves the necessity of preparing, 
Is always ready, and is more easily taken by 
most people. Price, $ 1 per bottle. 
LIQUID AND DRY SOLD BY DRUGGISTS. 
WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., Prop’rs, 
A Burlington, Yt. 
WANTED—A MANAGER 
Fora Model Dairy Farm, worked on strictly business 
principles. A thoroughly practical, but EDUCATED, 
Farmer required. This is an excelleut opportunity 
for an accomplished t'armev who understands his bus¬ 
iness in every detail aud can instruct a few young men 
in it if necessary. Apply with references, which must 
be first class, to MO DEL DAIRY, 
Office of Rubal Nkw-Yobkeb. 34 Park Row, N.Y. City. 
on Scrofula, Di«e*sei of Men 
&ud Women, uni! nil chrome 
ailnumU, wiih ihc evidence*)! 
their curability. Address 
M. n. rubiutjitie. Co., 
Box New York CUy. 
BOOK 
To every fanner sending us his rmrno,-- 
we will send f ree The alienee Leaf, n 4 page, IN column 
fanners' paper, full of valuable information on the 
culture Mia harvesting of clover foi when 
you write pay where you saw this notice. Address 
EIRDBELL MANUFACtUKINQ CO.. South Bend, Ltd. 
AGENTS 1 
AGENTS ! 
AGENTS! 
JOSIAH ALLEN’S WIFE 
"&M8SC NEW BOOK. 
‘My Wayward Pardner/ 
AGENTB WANT! D in every Town. Don't miss it, but 
tend for Circular at once, andsecnreteiTitory. Address 
AMERICAN PUBLISHING GO., Habtfobd, Conn. 
MT Mention Rural New-Yorker. 
SECOND TO NONE. 
- $+«- 
Soluble Pacific Guano. 
feSI;? 
Bale in 1865 - - - 
“ 1880 - - ■ 
754.- Tons. 
,700 
This Fertilizer, whiefi was at first sold almost entirely In 
he Southern States, has of late years become so deservedly 
popular lu the North, for the cultivation of all Farm Crops, that 
the Company have enlarged their works especially tOBupply the 
Nothern demand, and we are now In a position to fill orders 
promptly. Pamphlets containing testimonials and other Infor¬ 
mation furnished by our local agentB, or on application to 
QLIDDEN & CURTIS, 
GENERAL. SELLING AGENTS OF PACIFIC GUANO COMPANY 
hillanddfu lli 
PHOSPHATE 
SEND FOR PAMPHLET. 
This is a true bone superphosphate, und j 
may be used on (my crop. In the hill "!• drill || 
oi' broadcast, either icilnov mu hunt manure, 
and will produce u much earlier und larger 
crop. In tho Koportflf the Maes. Inspector j 
of I’ertiUzcj*, it* valuation is Harm S3 to 
ln 810 per ton higher than Other Phosphates 
I,!' which sell at the same price. Thu past 
year over 3000 tons were sold against 100 
M tons three years tt.to, showing that it is 
i | Ukcd by tho farmers. It there is no local 
| agent near you. send to us. 
Hi Also for sale ST0CKBRIDGE MANURES. 
KER FERTILIZER C 
BOSTON & NEW YORK 
MANURES 
SEND FOR PAMPHLET. 
These manures are ihe richest fertilizers 
tiow manufactured, ami the host substitute 
for, and cost ins; tuur/t (ess than guano, 
which is now practically out ol the market. 
Unlike guano, they are not stimulants and 
exhaustive, but permanent and lasting, |l 
being composed of bond, potash, etc. You 
can draw at one load enough for 3 to 5 
acres, or as much plant-food as is contained 
in 20 loads of ordinary straw manure. 
Corn, potatoes, hay, etc., are bringing such 
I' good prices that it will pay lo use the Stock- 
| bridge extensively. If there is no local 
I agent ucar you, send to us. 
0WKER FERTILIZER C 
'it BOSTON & NEW YORK. ; 
