APRIL 46 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
257 
verized and evenly distributed than from an 
equal quantity applied in the ordinary un¬ 
equal. lumpy fashion. This excellent device, 
which we have seen tested iu a highly satisfac¬ 
tory manner, both experimentally at the last 
New York State Farr, and in ordinary work in 
the field, is made by the Kemp & Burpee MTg 
Co., Syracuse, N. Y. o. n. n. 
—--- 
A Handy and Efficient Implement.—A n 
excellent thing about a farm-house is an ordi¬ 
nary force pump; but. still more desirable is 
one like the Lewis's Combination Force Pump, 
made to meet all the requirements of the coun¬ 
try homestead. Besides washing windows and 
carriages, extinguishing fires, watering the 
lawn or the flower beds, and performing all 
tbe other duties of the common force pump, 
this unique contrivance can be promptly met¬ 
amorphosed into a Paris-green or London-pur¬ 
ple sprinkler, scattering sure death among tfie 
potato beetles, or it can be used to spray helle¬ 
bore on currant bushes, or, in fact, to pour 
liquid death on noxious insects of all kinds on 
the farm or in the garden. Try it once, and 
you won’t afterwards rest comfortable without 
one. G. b. b. 
Mimic Information, 
10 , from material purchased of the Quinnipiac 
Co., Wallingford, by Julius W. Yale, of Meri¬ 
den. 
Mechanical Analysis. 
Fine.smaller than 1-50 inch, 13 per cent. 
Fine medium. “ “ 1-25 “ 10 “ 
Medium. “ “ 1-12 “ 12 “ 
Coarse medium. " 41 1-6 " 15 “ 
Coarse.larger than 1-6 “ 50 “ 
Chemical Analysis. 
per cent, ton value. 
Organic Nitrogen..... 3 8-1 $9.38 
Phospnonc acid. 22.32 20.56 
Estimated value per ton. 29 91 
Cost per ton. 30.00 
8 . W. Johnson, Director. 
same stage of development. In their passage 
through the body they produce extreme pain, 
which is intensified as they absorb tbe sub¬ 
stance of tbe muscular tissues during their 
growth. All the voluntary muscles are pain¬ 
fully affected, and are often unable to per¬ 
form their customary functions; the limbs 
swell and are extremely tender; nausea, a 
high fever of a typhoid character and many 
other painful symptons appear, the attack gen¬ 
erally ending fatally in about four weeks, 
and Bomeiimes much earlier. If the patient 
survives this period, the encysted trichina* 
usually become quiescent and remain without 
material alteration for an indefinite time, 
awaiting an opportunity for development in 
the alimentary channel of another animal, an 
opportunity most oE them never obtain. The 
severity of the disease depends on the num¬ 
ber of encysted trichina? introduced into the 
system, and the fecundity of the females 
therein developed. In favorable case3 con¬ 
valescence is generally slow, and tbe muscles 
remain stiff and tender for a considerable 
period. There is no specific remedy for the 
ailment. 
The only kuown preventive of trichinosis 
is the thorough cooking of trichiuosed flesh be¬ 
fore it i3 eaten. Some Bay that the applica¬ 
tion of heal enough to coagulate albumen— 
100 degrees—is sufficient to kill the parasites; 
but the latest, best and safest method is to 
cook the meat thoroughly throughout, If 
the pieces are large, trichina in the middle 
are not killed by beat that Skills those on 
the outside. As long as any part of the meat 
retains the ‘‘pink” color kDown as “rare," 
it is highly probable that infesting parasites 
have not been killed. Smoking and pickling 
are of no use whatever. Trichina? can be 
detected in the muscular tissues of pork or 
other flesh by aid of a good microscope with 
careful observation and a little practice. 
TRICHINOSIS. 
The recent interdiction by most European 
Governments of importations of American hog 
products ou the ground that their consump¬ 
tion is especially liable to produce trichinosis, 
has attracted to this disease an amount of 
lively interest greatly dis- 
proportionate either to its tsT/ 
frequency or fatality. Of E| 
the few deaths attributed pi 
to it there is excellent rea- ||l 
son for believing that a 
large proportion are really 
due to other causes; but, || 
even granting that all that £j 
are imputed to it are ae- =y\ 
tually produced by it, yet 1§! 
the number every ordinary IF] 
year is probably smaller IF 
than that of those from by- ^ 
drophobia or by lightning. 
With regard to the fatality §|r 
of the disease, the propor- ||§ 
tion of deaths to cases is 
no greater than in many 
diseases of common occur- E-j 
rence. For instance, in e|l 
1866 the malady was epi- It f a 
demic at Hederslaben in m l| 11 
Germany, a town of 2,000 f:!j 
inhabitants, and out of 327 I 
cases of trichinosis 83 only 5 
were fatal, or a trifle over r?/ i 
two deaths in seven cases. 
and this is a fair average 
rate in severe attacks. In t 
milder caees tbe proportion ^ l§ 
of deaths is much smaller, 
only three having occurred 
in 200 observed cases. In- 
deed, many people doubt- u 
less have suffered from Greatly Magnified, 
mild attacks of the disease, who have attrib¬ 
uted their pain to rheumatism or a Bevere cold. 
Even among the most skillful physicians there 
is yet a good deal of difference of opinion as to 
the nature of this disease, as shown by the 
disagreement among the doctors as to whether 
the two alleged cases of the malady lately dis¬ 
covered at Madrid were really instances of 
trichinosis, and there has been a like divergence 
of opinion regarding a couple of recent cases 
in Dublin. 
As far back as 1S82 it was discovered that 
the mnscular tissues of man sometimes pre¬ 
sent, after death, a sanded appearance due to 
the presence of innumerable minute cysts, or 
mouthless sacs, scattered throughout the snb- 
stance. When examined uuder tbe micro¬ 
scope, these little cysts are found to contain 
immature worms coiled up round and round 
in the smallest possible compass. They are 
cylindrical and tapering in shape and when 
they have attained their largest size they are 
one-tweury-eighth of an inch long and one-six- 
hundredth of an inch thick. The name given 
them is trichinosis spiralis, from a Greek word 
meaning '* hair," and a Latin word meaning 
“spiral," the term being indicative of tbeir 
appearance when coiled up in the center of the 
cyst or sac. So minute are the parasites and so 
multitudinous that sometimes as many as sev¬ 
enty or eighty thousand of them are found iu 
a cubic inch of muscular tissue Subsequent 
microscopic investigation has shown that, 
nearly all animals may be infected with tri¬ 
china? (the plural fnrm of trichina) ; but that 
of all animals used as food by man the hog is 
most liable to be so infected. This is chiefly 
attributable to its omoivorops appetite, which 
leads it to swallow all sorts of refuse flesh, for 
trichina? are propagated among all sound ani¬ 
mals by feeding on trichiuosed flesh. 
The dangerous period in trichinosis is shortly 
after the introduction of the parasites into the 
system. When the muscular flesh of pork 
containing the encysted mites, is eaten in a 
raw or improperly cooked condition, the cysts 
are digested and destroyed, but the inclosed 
worms, retaining their vitality, pass into the 
small intestines. There they lose their spiral 
form and in four or five days attain maturity 
and a length of from one-ninth to one-seventh 
of an inch. The sexes are soon developed and 
each iniprcgnaled female produces from 1.000 
to 2,000 live embryos, the parents flying after 
having produced youug. The embryos, which 
are extremely minute but of the same form 
as their parentB, at once bogiu to penetrate 
the walls of the intestines and to make their 
way throughout the whole body. This causes ir¬ 
ritation of the intestines first and then pain in all 
the tissnes they penetrate,so that their progress 
is ma le manifest by the symptons of suffer¬ 
ing in various parts of the body. Within a 
fortnight after the appearance of the first 
symptous the parasites are dispersed along 
the voluntary muscles throughout the body 
and limbs. There th -y soon become inclosed 
in distinct sacs where they increase in size 
to one-twenty-eighth of an inch and become 
coiled spirally like their progenitors in the 
fnhsirial fmjjfitrmtts. 
fjotiwlogiatl. 
THE CLARK APPLE AGAIN. 
In the Rural of Dec. 11. in which is given a 
fine illustration of the Clark Apple, my name 
appears in a manner seeming to call for a 
fuller history of this valuable fruit, the origi¬ 
nal tree of which still stands in our village. 
Seeds of fruit trees were brought Irom Plain- 
field, Conn., in the the year 1799, by Deacon 
Wm. Clark then migrating with bis family 
here for settlement. A nnrsery was grown 
from these seeds, and this Clark Apple and one 
or two others of less value are the only seed¬ 
lings worth preserving, although many old or¬ 
chards of native fruit from this nursery are 
still standing in the neighborhood, owned by the 
lineal descendants of the first proprietors. La 
Plume i6 four miles from here, so there is no 
serious discrepancy of statements except as to 
time. The tree now standing is a sucker from 
the parent tree which fell many years since, 
and is at the corner of the barnyard of Dr. 
Hiram H. Nichols, whose wife, formerly Miss 
Clark, inherits the patrimonial estate on which 
it stands. The apple is well described by Mr. 
Downing in the above issue and is not extolled 
a whit too much. S. S. Stevenson. 
Clark’s Green. Pa, 
.Scientific auii Useful. 
Miscellaneous. 
SUGGESTIONS FOR SPECIAL NUMBERS 
OF THE RURAL. 
I trust the Rural will not deem it an imper¬ 
tinence in me to say how much I like the “ Spe¬ 
cial” features of the paper; how I enjoyed the 
Corn Number and the *' Decorative " Number, 
or, as it was termed, the Plant and Shrub 
Number. 1 would suggest a "Garden Sass" 
Number and a “Root" Number—the " garden 
sauce" to comprehend such vegetables as would 
be (desirable for the farmer to cultivate for 
home consumption, both in a fresh state and 
for Winter use. I shoull much like to see 
what vegetables tbe Rural would recommend. 
It should also contain instructions for cultiva¬ 
tion and for keeping, so as to be used at other 
times besides when fresh from the Harden. Be¬ 
yond a few heads of lettuce, a few radishes, a 
“ mess " or two of peas, as many of beans in 
the Spring, and of potatoes, a few beets, onions 
and turnips, the ordinary farmer has mighty 
little to add to his fare of bread and meat—the 
latter in many cases salt at that. Perhaps the 
Rural would suggest some vegetables as worth 
a trial. 
In the “ Root” Number we might get an idea 
of what roots to raise for stock to mix with 
dry fodder for improvement of stock—roots 
that could be easily raised and cared for, besides 
turnips, which are about tbe only crop raised 
l y the average farmer. Of course, progressive 
farmers raise others. Or perhaps the Rural 
might venture the opinion that roots will fall 
off in demand and use, now that we may can 
our fresh fodder in silos. 
The "Garden Sass" Number might contrib¬ 
ute to the health of the rural community by a 
greater variety of diet. Too many people live 
in an atmosphere in Winter of volatilized 
grease, volatilized by griddle greasing for pan¬ 
cakes and the frying of meats. It would thus 
contribute to health, contentment and longev¬ 
ity. The “ Root” Number, by improving the 
stock feed, would contribute to the increase of 
farm profits and contentnieut with farm life. 
G. H. R , M. D. 
Remarks. —We arc obliged for all such sug¬ 
gestions. It should be borne in mind, how¬ 
ever, that each issue of the Rural treats of 
farm topics, and it is only the mq&t valuable 
The Stevens Improved French Buhr Feed 
Grinder. 
Avery excellent French Buhr Feed Grinder 
is made by A. W. Stevens & Sons, Anbnrn, 
N. Y. The advantages of grinding feed have 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERI¬ 
MENT STATION. 
BULLETIN NO. 54, MARCH 30, 1881. 
542. “ Ashes from factories in Canada." 
Sample takeu February 10th, from stock of 
J. Thayer, Dealer, Boston, Mass., by George 
F. Chapin, Thompsonville. 
Analysis. 
Sand and Silica. 4.84 
Char. 2.98 
Oxide ot Iron and Alumina.67 
Lime. 67.42 
Magnesia. 1.28 
l otasli. 23 
Soda...42 
l J hosphorio acid.38 
Sulphuric acid.37 
Car I ionic acid. 7.05 
Moisture . l.oo 
Combined watertof sluked lime). 13.46 
lou.uu 
As to the state of combination we may say 
that probably the Beven per ceut, of carbonic 
acid is united to nine per cent, (in round num¬ 
bers) of lime, making about 16 per cent, of 
carbonate of lime—that the combined water is 
united to about 43 per cent, of the lime, mak¬ 
ing 55 per cent, of hydrate of lime (slaked 
lime) and that the remainder of the lime—16 
per cent.—exists as caustic lime. Accordingly 
the sample contains 87 per cent, of lime and 
its carbonate and hydrate. It contains also 
nine percent, of sand, char., oxide of iron and 
moisture,leaving but four per cent.of magnesia, 
alkalies, phosphoric acid aud sulphuric acid. 
KEMP’S PATENT MANURE SPREADER—FIG. 212. 
Kemp’!i Patent Manure Spreader. 
As 6hown in the accompanying cut, this is 
simply a broad-tired machine cart with a short 
tongue, which connects with the front wheels 
of any farm wagon at the ring-bolt. It holds 
about 30 bushels, and haviDg a movable bot¬ 
tom, like the traveling bed of a tread horse¬ 
power, when this is in gear it curries the load 
slowly to the rear, where a swiftly-revolving 
cylinder, armed with teeth and extending 
across the width of the cart, pricks the manure 
to pieces and scatters it evenly in fine particles 
as the team moves along. It spreads all kinds 
of manure, coarse or flue, as well as lime, ashes, 
marl, muck, cotton seed, etc., either wet or 
dry, in such quantities as may be desired per 
acre. This it does much more efficiently and 
in much less time than the work can be done 
by hand, bo that far more benefit is derived by 
the crops from manure in this Way well pul- 
These "ashes” are, in fact, lime, so slightly 
admixed with wood ashes as not to differ es¬ 
sentially from oyster shell lime in composition 
or value whether commercial or agricultural. 
The presence of so much caustic and slaked 
lime renders this sample very unlike ashes in 
Its action on the soil. The name is misleading 
and evidently we have a material which will 
scarcely pay the farmers of Connecticut to 
transport from the "factories in Canada.” 
The Weight of the struck bushel is about 55 
pounds, its commercial value is not far from 
that of an equal w .fight of slaked oyster shell 
or other cheap lime. 
545. Quinnipiac Coarse Bone, Sampled Mar. 
STEVENS FRENCH BUHR FEED GRINDER—FIG. 211. 
freqently been discussed in other parts of the 
Rural, bo that here reference need only be 
made to this, one of the very best mills for do¬ 
ing so. Many farmers and thrasherraen have 
an engine or horse-power, which during a large 
part of the year lies idle, the owners losing 
the i merest on l he money invested in it. With 
a portable mill like this, these powers can be 
pleasantly aud profitably employed during 
the season usually passed iu idleness, the own¬ 
ers grinding not only their own feed but also 
that of their neighbors, aud doing in fact a 
milling business. Indeed some who use them 
often grind, we are assured, from 150 to 300 
bushels per day. The price of the mills has 
been fixed at a small advance on the actual 
cost, and fall terms of sale will be promptly 
furnished on application to the above address. 
G. B B. 
