282 
THE RURAL HEW- YORKER. 
APRIL 23 
pairing for i|r Holing. 
FARMING FOE BOYS AND GIEL8-NO. 19. 
BEKET STEWART. 
Rotation or Crop*. 
Wet does a farmer cb stage the crops of each 
field every year, growing llrst clover and grass 
and then corn, then oats, and lastly, wheat or rye ( 
and again seeding down to clover and grass ? It 
is because he knows that these crops succeed bet¬ 
ter when thus grown and that he cannot grow the 
same crop every year on the same ground, with 
profit. 'I here Is a good reason for this. It la be¬ 
cause l he nature or each of these different crops 
Is not the Buine; that one seems to re&t the soil, 
that clover actually leavea the soil belter than 
it waa before, besides adding to It. m the shape of 
roots, sterna and leaves, a large quantity of valua¬ 
ble plant, food (or the corn wnich tollows It; that 
the culture of tne corn kills a vast quantity of 
w eeds and cleans the ground, and prepares It for 
the oats and wheat; that after the oats have been 
grown the soil has gtven up to that crop all the 
strength It possessed, and that It then requires 
help to restore It, This is gtven by the manure 
and lertlt zers used to prepare for the wheat or 
rye and the clover and grass arter If, and that by 
this treatment one can go on year after year, for a 
whole life-time, growing crops and then leave his 
farm still fertile and useful for his children, who 
may do the same, to be followed again by their 
children. 
'This method of culture Is called the rotation of 
crops, and the usual rotation consists of the four 
crops mentioned, viz., clover and grass, com, oats 
and wheat. This la called the four course system. 
Some farmers add other crops and so lengthen the 
course with great benefit to the soil; because in 
the four course system there is too much grain 
and too little (odder for feeding cattle and making 
manure, without which good crops cannot be 
grown. 'There are also not enough of the renova¬ 
ting crops, as those are called, In which either the 
soil Is manured or rested, and restored,, or In fact 
renewed In strength and power to produce the 
other crops which take more from the soli, and 
arc therefore called exhaustive. For the principle 
at the it mom of this system of rotation Is chiefly 
this: that the farmer must follow an exhaustive 
crop with a renovating one; that la, one that Is 
hard or difficult to grow with one that 1s easy, and 
so jive the soli au opportunity to recover before 
its strength Is taxed too muoh. 
Much injury haH heec done to many farms by an 
unwise neglect of this precaution and orops of 
wheat and corn have been grown year after year, 
until me soli has been made unable to produce 
enough to pay the farmer for hla labor, or to sup¬ 
port him and hts family with comfort. It la In 
this way that farms have been worn out and peo¬ 
ple have been forced to go further west to get new r 
land, that the same wasteful practice may be fol¬ 
lowed. Now that the wesr is becoming filled up 
and the best lauds are occupied, this can no longer 
be done, and farmers arc obliged to follow a more 
skillful practice and are forced to study more care¬ 
fully tbe nature of their business that they may 
make their (aims more productive. 
The feeding or cattle and sheep is the most im¬ 
portant part of the farm work and the growing of 
feeding crops therefore needs to be made a special 
study by the youDg farmer. A rotation then whicn 
can ha made to include the largest number of 
eeilng crops is the u -it. A seven course rotation 
is sometimes practiced in which clover and grass 
are grown one year for hay end a second year for 
pasture followed by corn, oats, roots (either tur¬ 
nips or mangels) barley, clover for hay, and wheat 
on the clover sod, followed by grass. This rota¬ 
tion has many advantages It has two cultivated 
or cleaning crops, corn ana rootB; two sods plowed 
under, ai d four feeding crops, viz., corn, root3 
and two hay crops. Where It can be followed It 
enables the farmer to keep a dock of sheep or to 
keep cows and a dairy which is one of the most 
profitable and pleasant parts of farming, and 
gives the girls an agreeable opportunity of adding 
to the Income of the rami and to tnelr own re¬ 
sources, by making butter, as well as finds employ¬ 
ment for the boys which Is not so laborious as the 
constant ratsing of grain. When the rotation Is 
chosen, the farm Is divided into fields to suit the 
course, live for the four course, in which there are 
two in grass at the same time ; and eight lor the 
seven course rotation. 
DAISY'S YEAR IN SOUTHERN CALI¬ 
FORNIA. 
ALICE r. ADAMS. 
The Water. 
“ I am so thirsty,” said Daisy one morning, as 
she took a cup to the hydrant In the kitchen sink. 
“ Oh, come out to the olla and get your drink,” 
cried Violet. “ The water is so much cooler there 
than it la in the pipes/’ 
SO Daisy followed, obediently, to the wood-3hed, 
though, as she afterward said, she had not the re¬ 
motest Idea whether an olla belonged to the ani¬ 
mal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom. It proved to 
be a huge dark red j ir which was set In a wooden 
frame work and covered closely, violet lifted the 
cover and dipped up a cupful of water for Daisy, 
“ilow nice and cool it is!" she cried as she 
drank hastily, “But what a queer arrangement 
for water 1” 
“So I thought when 1 first saw one,” replied 
Violet, “ but 1 don't know how w e oould get along 
wlihoutours. We don’t use tt much In Winter, 
but in Summer the water In the. pipes gets to 
warm that It Isn’t fit to drink unless you let It 
run a long time, white that in the olla Is almost 
as cold as ice-water.” 
" Don't you have Ice here ?” 
“ Oh, yea; they make It In Los Angeles; but we 
have never used any, and you will be surprised to 
find how little we miss It.” 
“ But w hy should the water be any cooler here 
thanm a pall?" 
,r Because the olla is very porous, and If It Is 
where the hrecze can strike It, the water Is cold. 
That is all l can tell about It. If you want more 
philosophy ask Bert or papa.” 
“ Why don’t you have It down on the ground 
Inquired Daisy, who was curious to learn about this 
strange earthen vessel which made Ice-water 
needies3 when the mercury stood far up In the 
nineties. 
“Because the bottom is round and it won't stand 
up alone. The Mexicans make them In all sizes, 
from the little ones that hold a pailful to those as 
large as this, but they are all made after the same 
pattern, some people suspend them from the 
limb of a tree, and claim, that the water la cooler, 
as the olla la set In motion by every bret ze. But 
ours la so large that that plan would not be prac¬ 
ticable. I suppose It Is because the ware Is so por¬ 
ous that they break easily,” continued violet, as 
she pointed to the top of the olla, where a piece 
was broken rrom the edge. “ That Is some of Bert's 
foolishness. Boys think they know so much: Bert 
saLd ft was not la a good place, and tbe water 
would be ever so much cooler if it waschanged; so 
he undertook to move It alone one day, and the re- 
suit was that he hit It against something and nick¬ 
ed that piece out. And the fun of it waa that when 
papa found It out he had it taken back to its old 
place, so my learned brother had hla trouble for 
nothing, but don’t stay in the wood-6hed all the 
afternoon when It is so muoh pleasanter out&lde. 
I know—let's go up to the reservoir; you haven’t 
been there yet.” 
“ Very well; only tell me the name of this jar 
once more.” 
“ Olla ; and you pronounce 11 in this way, ol-ya.” 
“ Ol-i/n, ol-ya," repeated Daisy, as the two girls 
went into the house for their hats. 
“Where does all this water corne from?” she 
asked a few minutes later, as they slowly walked 
along. 
“ From springs in the hills over there," answered 
Violet, pointing to the range of foot-hfils seeming¬ 
ly at the base of the mountains, though in reality 
miles of unoultlvated land intervened. “ The 
stream flowing from the spring Is piped to the 
reservoir, and from there to the different places 
on the Alhambra. And the water Is so nice and 
soft, 1 don’t think you could find better if you 
searched the Slate over.” 
They soon reached the reservoir which was cir¬ 
cular In form, and nearly full of water. The bank 
or earth which surrounded It was flat on top, and 
up the girls climbed for a walk around the basin. 
“ People often think that is an artesian well In 
the centre, bat it is only the water flowing from 
the main pipe that supplies the reservoir. There 
la the waste-pipe at the side, and you can see the 
water is nearly up to It." 
“How much trouble It saves having the water 
piped Into the house.” 
" Yes, there it is m the kitchen and bath room- 
and all we have to do is to turn the raucet. In 
this respect, we are better off than in the East, 
for there we pumped water from both the well 
and cistern; ana yet some of our friends Imagine 
we live in tne backwoods, ana pity poor Mrs. Er- 
man who la wearing out her fife In that unciv¬ 
ilized country !'' concluded Violet with an upward 
turn of her nose. 
“They had netter bestow their sympathy on 
some one who needs it,” laughed Daisy. 
“ But you mustn't Imagine that all the people In 
Southern California have the water piped in their 
houses, in many places It runs lor miles In open 
ditches or zanjoe, as they are called. And then 
the people have such a lime with the water In 
summer. They have to take It when they can get 
it, whether or not It suits their convenience, l 
know a gentleman who had to Irrigate on Sunday 
because Ills turn happened to come that day ; but 
It certainly was a case of necessity, for a great 
many of hla trees were wilting, and It would have 
been tour or five weeks before bla turn came round 
again. But the beat of it waa that ne is a minister, 
and while he wa& preaching his morning sermon 
his boys were irrigating; and wnenbe came home 
he took on his Sunday clothes and went to woik 
with the others. Now, when papa wants to Irri¬ 
gate, it Is only necessary for him to notify the 
mvjcro a few days beforehand, and when the 
time comes he opens the hydrants and goes to 
work.” 
“Who or what may the zanjt ro be?" inquired 
Daisy. 
“The man who takes care of the reservoirs. 
There are three besides this one, so I imagine he 
finds plenty to do. There he comes on horseback, 
with his shovel on his shoulder.” 
The girls descended from their lofty post of ob¬ 
servation and turned their steps toward Rose Cot¬ 
tage. 
“EverythingIs so beautiful and green now It 
don’t seem possible that In a few months all this 
will be brown and bare,” reflected Daisy, as she 
pointed to the fields of bailey and M.nurUla, or 
native grass." , 
“You will Audit quite possible this Bummer,” 
rejoined violet. “ Aud the reason why la because 
that land does not belong to the Alhambra, aud 
has no water right. Its ow ner raises barley on It 
In the rainy season, but It stands Idle In bummer, 
as he has no means of Irrigation. And the Alham¬ 
bra was in the same condition until water was 
round for lt^good lor nothing hut Winter crops. 
A man may own thousands of acres, and yet Ms 
property will not amount to much unless he has a 
fixed water right a 1th it.” 
Having reached the entrance to their place as 
she gave ulleranoe to this opinion of weight, Violet 
■challenged Daisy to a race to the barn, where they 
were going to hunt for eggs. “I declare,”she 
panted, as she reached the door a trifle In advance 
of her friend, “ California air is doing wonders for 
you! I shall have to look to my steps if 1 don’t 
want to be left behind I ” 
ODE SEED DISTE1BUTI0N. 
Probably nearly all of the cousins have now re¬ 
ceived the seeds which have been sent to them. 
In the large envelope will he foirod seeds of the 
beautiful Japan Red Bud. and also a package of 
Crimson Dwarf Celery seed. I will give lull direc¬ 
tions next week as to cultivation.—c. it. 
Don’t use stimulants, but. nature's real brain 
and nerve food—Hop Bitters. 
8****, Sts, 
THE DINGEE'Sc CONARD CO’S 
BEAUTIFUL. EVER BLOOMING 
RO S E 
making a SPECIAL 
«'££££ OF ROSES. SOLARCE HOUSES 
lot ROSES alone. Wc deliver Str-jip T. r fluids, 
suitable lor immediate bloom, salt: v by l ia.il. postpaid! 
atallpoetofflci*. 5 epltmtlid varleti-'-. your choice. 
$W0C£U»nCt tt0« 
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THE ONLY MEDICINE 
IS EITHER LIQUID OU DRY FORM 
That Acts at tbe same time on 
mxzivm, TBEBQims, 
mx ms mmm. 
WHY ARE WE SICK? 
Because we allow these great organs to 
become dogged or torpid, and poisonous 
humors arc th .refore forced Into the blood 
that should be deputed naturally. 
KIDNEY-WORT 
WILL SURELY CURE 
KIDNEY DISEASES, 
LIVER COMPLAINTS, 
PILES, CONSTIPATION, URINARY 
DISEASES, FEMALE WEAKNESSES, 
AND NERVOUS DISORDERS, 
by causing free action of these organs and 
restoring their iiower to throw of disease. 
Why suffer Bilious pains and aches! 
Why tormented with Piles, Constipation! 
Why frightened over disordered Kidneys! 
Why endure nervous or sick headaches! 
Use KIDN'EY-WORTorwf rejoice in health. 
It la put up m Dry Vegetable Form, tu tin 
cans ono package of which makca six quarts ol 
medicine. Also I 11 Lie ufd Form, very Concern, 
t rated, for those- that cannot readily prepare it. 
L~TIt acts with equal efficiency in either form. 
GET IT OF YOU 11 DRUGGIST. PRICE, *1.00 
WELL 8 , RICHARDSON A Co., Prop’s, 
(Will scud the dry post-paid.) UrtttDGTOX, TT. 
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AUI iTv/T f A . w ’ v • • vv CIO, no v*i v c, 
AWAY.in Premiums and Extras,more ROSES 
thanmoBtestablishments prow. OurNEWCUIDE, 
a complete Treatise on the Bote. 70 pp. elegantly illustrated, 
describes 600 newest and choicoBt varieties —free to all. 
„ THE DINCEE & CONARD CO. 
Bobo Growers, West Grove, Cheater Co., Ptu 
1^811 W\ Seeds, Plants, 
SLi» F.1 H * S 5 pkg'is Tlowyr seeds,.1c. 
Bw 8 *1 lo 5 good Gladioli,.10c. 
HJ B ■ I B M H good ro.-t>, *1. Try them. 
mm mm a mm mm catalogue free. h. hall ck, 
Creeclmoor, >*. Y. 
Over 1500 dinfhirt varictio*. All grrouir Planto, 
each labeled, delivered safely by mail Largest nsKort- 
ORGAN GEMS. ($2 50) By F. L. DAVENPORT. 
ORGAN SELECTIONS. ($150) By PETERS. 
BATISTE’S ORGAN VOLUNTARIES. $2 60. 
BATISTE'S LAST COMPOSITIONS. $2 50. 
ORGANIST'S RELIANCE. (10 Nos,. OftCh 
$l.i . $0 ) By EUGENE TUAYF.K. 
/.I,MILL’S ORIGINAL ORGAN COMPO¬ 
SITIONS. ($.26) 
In theec six well-made book* will be found a very 
Inure number of voluntaries, some classical some new 
aud light., but all good. Organists will be glad to use 
the longer one* Intact, and to adopt tbe shorter com¬ 
positions as themes from which to vary. 
Biller Taylor, price reduced to 5u cents. 
Olivette, price reduced to &0 cents. 
Johnson’s New Method for Harmony. 
Oil. 00 .) fly A. N. .1 1 d IN BON. “Thu best book in the 
world" (for Its object), wit* tbe eomiaendution be¬ 
stowed by »u BUthtblasUc pupil un a former book by 
the same author, tlou ever unit may be l tM»iahtanew 
e-t treatim. atul euu hardly Im excelled for plahmeaM 
of explanation, ua-e and thoroughti"8S. It (loon not 
attempt, Uountorpojnt, op any of t.lio higher problems 
of composition; but coniines Itself to those things 
that every organist. every (rood player, and every com¬ 
poser of " tho people's music." ought to know. 
OLIVER DITSON At CO., Bouton. 
C. H. DITSON «1 <30. .1, E. DITSON A 00. 
84:1 Broadway, New York. 1318 Chestnut It., Phlla. 
incur. Low Prices. Inimslries- 27 years. Guarantee 
satisfaction, Stock comprises all dctinwls varieties Ouly 
mature plants sent. Our new Illiisi ruled llnuil-Boolc, 
sent free, contains name and description 01 ' each plant,with 
instructions for iuecessroKiilt.lcatioii. Don't purchase plants 
elsewhere before sending fm our lieu: U A UD.DflAlf 
All lovers of ; ft/noeri rhould bum our mHIoU bUUIY 
Every buyei-of rifvupnfunfi should ImvM it. Every one want¬ 
ing new and elude* pl,mu should send for our Hand-Book. 
HOOPEB, BROTHER a THOMAS, 
Oatniiv Hill Nubsekleb, VVsot <3host,-r. Pa. 
Established 1W 
HUTCHESS NURSERIES, 
AJ Small fruit I‘Unite, a SpnciaUg. 
YIOTGHESS SEED STORES. 
A'unc but Tested Seeds sent out. 
Combined catalogues free upon application. 
W. L. Ff ItHIh, jit.. I'niiitlilmsde, N, V. 
Office of Nursery aud Seed Store, ire anil 387 Main St 
ONION SEED. 
CROP OF 1880. 
Yellow Danvers..$".50 lb, oro lhe. for $16.25 
Large Red Wethersfield... 3.75 “ “ “ 17.25 
*»• Mailed free of postace. '■pocial price -5 for Inrver 
qnautitiea. ROBERT BlTIMT.Jr , Seed G rower. 
Lock BOX 63. Philadelphia, Pa. 
The Old and Well Known 
KISSENA NURSERIES 
PARSONS ii SONS CO., (UmlM , 
Flushing, IT. Y., 
Near New Yorlr City. 
ALL KINDS OF 
HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS, 
Including the Latest Novelties. Price Li-ts FKEE. 
Laugk New Debcbiftive Catalogue. Six Cents. 
THE ALBANY 
SEED STORE. 
EbtakI.ISHEP 50 VF.AItS. 
WE OFFER 
Tl 0 TT” Extra Early Tom Thumb Sweet 
1 X/ K Coi n, the earliest ami Hwectcet grown : are 
I 1 IX il. good *ize, meet and tender, and a good 
cropper; will yield mote salable ears than 
any other sort. Per okt , lOc.t per quart, 
50i.'.s by mnll. per A, buoh. SI .GO 5 pci 
bmh., SO.OO. 
7-1 o tt Surprise fitti-li-,Melon, the finest fin 
r X, n vofid hi the world ; curly, rweet, and pro- 
I , (Y l\. lido. Per pith Ittc.; peroz 3oc.: por L lb 
* ^ 1 ac.t per It - S3.GO. by mail. 
New dlummoili II end Lett lice attains 
j Q a. large size; has a compact bead; white, 
r A/ |\ crisp, aud lender; a delicious sort. Per 
I 1 Ut IY> pkt. 1 -1c. by mail. 
Beautifully Illustrated Catalogue free by mail. 
PRICE & KNICKERBOCKER, 
80 State Street, Albany, N. Y. 
it.. 10c t per quart, 
bush. SloOi per 
mmm 
t bn excelled for plaituteaH VV A It It 1 NT BO FKfcHll AND GUNLI^K 
thoroughness. It doe* not Karl v Bed Globe.Pk't.ll'e,. oss.2-'>, lb.$3 5'J 
Wethersfield Large Red..... 
Yellow Globe, Dauvera, extra 
stock ..... 
Extra Early Und.ii -ryebuire stock 
Fottler’eImported “Burly B'w'k 
Cabbage ... 
Egyptian EarlloHt Beet... . 
Dewing't* Early Turnip Beet .. 
I0o.,oz. 26.1b. 3 50 
IOC., OZ. 40. lb. 4 50 
luc..oz.40,lb. 5 00 
IOC., oz. 40 , lb. 4 00 
6c., oz. 10, lb. 75 
6c,oz.lo,lb. 60 
To every farmer sending us his name, I- v • J 
we will send free The Ctore-r hoof, a 4 page, 28 column 
farmers’ paper, full of valuable information on the 
culture and harvesting of clover for seed. When 
von write sav where you saw this notice. Address 
BIRDSELL MANUFACTURING CO., South Bend, Ind. 
trees’, $erd;)f, gj flmrtfl, _ 
The Coming Strawberry. 
Irnp'lDw'fCelery,77« - if<*fnfall “ Uic.oz. 51 .tb. 800 
Sugar, TouvV. netted melon... . |J luo.,oz. 4U,lb. 4 00 
English Potato < mioti Soto (Express), peck # 2 ; bu. « oO 
Huwley'sE H'rtf’d E.E’y I’eas, • •• ,ft 1.75; 700 
Little Gem Uwurf,Extra Early, “ “ 2 , 011 ; “ 8 00 
Pride of Ani’a Potato, v'y oliVe, “ •• I-OO; “ 3*0 
IfbyinAll.t/t tjuautitieHui *1 lb and upwardx.pohtHgeat 
the rate of lflppac lb luo*t be added Catalogues free tu 
all. Wholee ale Trade CJ-1, for dealers only. Address, 
H. II. HAWI.KY, 
Importer and Grower ut Clio os Vegetable Heeds, 
Hxii bird. Colin. 
«=3 yv NICE CONCORD OBAPK-VINB9 
Sara for by mull pnst-paiil. Think if it! Order 
now for curly Spring shipment. Circulars free. 
™ v Win. It. ReeihChaiubmitiirgNur. 
series. < li 11 ni bershurc, Fa. Mention this papaft 
30 Din Ciirranta. Grnprs. Trees*. Aspurairns, 
Acres DI U etc -, 100 best eot is Plant-by mall orex- 
nnTtnrrn press Meo Our prices before buying Cuts- 
BEK-tUFS lugtiefr- e. Hale Brim, S. Glsstolibury.Ct. 
ffftiniifFI I 'I'bis is the berry lor 
! H 1 n Pel homo use unit nun krl. 
BlU B9 ^kbl I have the largest dock in 
tbe country, and all wi-timg 1 1 plant largely can make 
very reasonable terms. A full description of this su¬ 
perb ntw variety, with price of plants, will bo found 
m catalogue. Also a fine stock ut I bo Cut liber l Hasp, 
berry ami all the other Small I nuts and Gmpe Vines. 
RAISIN CKAH£ VINES 
By mall. BKbT, 36c. each; 8 for $1. Out tinge, warrant¬ 
ed to grow, ICO. each W. A. SANDERS 
Sanders, Fresno Oo.. California. 
Address 
Cornwall-i in-Hudson, N. Y. 
E.P.ROE. 
B KB R V BASK.F. I 8.—BEST. CHEAPEST. Free 
Circular. N D. B ATT EH.SON, Buffalo, N. Y. 
SEEDS - PLANTS - FRUITS, and 
a- .A. IFt ID IE 1ST SUPPLIES 
of all kinds for COUNTRY HOMES. 
Virl.-n.ie, tr. o»rli, H. llonope, tk- . Pnnolvs, Ir,. Petunia!, tc, 
Cole us, 4<v, Oatantnm*, *c , and nil other plnnls aa cheap. 
Valuable — PREMIUMS — given away. 
15 Papers Choice Flower Seeds, for 
F. R. PIERSON, |Jfi» 
TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 
C«talou(«i ttnl ir»t tu all,—Writ* lor oat, ImLAb 
SMALL FRUITS!! 
PLANTS for the million, m price. 10 twit the minion. A 
tuporblvillnstrattd hook, 1 8 1 't't.Etpk \\1 l it SMALL 
FRUITS," with t very liberal mm ■% ■% Ah ■■ 
offer. DU" Catalogue rent free. ^ H9 mM HL 
Cornwall-on-Hudson, w - ■ - ^ 1 
_NewYorlG kill IIIWla 
GRAPE VINES: 
Ail leading varieties in supply. V\ uminted true 
to name. Iricea low. Alao the celebrated NEW 
WHITE GRAPE, PRENTISS. Alao trees, rmafi 
fruits,eto. T g HLTBBAKJJ. 
FKKDONIA, N. }. 
