APBSL 30 
280 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
list of agricultural papers. Sorry! The book 
is published by the author, 464 Broadway, Bos¬ 
ton. 
Second Report of the U. S. Entomological 
Commission on li e Rocky Mountain Locust. 
This volume of 322 pageB, issued by the De¬ 
partment of the Interior, relates chit fly to the 
labors of Messrs. A. S. Packard and Cyrus 
Thomas in their efforts, in 1878 and 187ft, to 
discover some permanent means of preventing 
the excessive increase of the Rocky Mountain 
Locust in its native habitat and its migration 
therefrom into the mote fertile portions of 
the trant-Mississippi country. The work is 
profusely illustrated with colored maps of the 
Western territory infested by the pest and with 
numerous diagrams relating to it. 
John 8. Carter, No. 28 aud 30 James St., 
Syracuse, N. Y —Illustrated catalogue of all 
kinds of apparatus aud supplies for cheese and 
butter factories, creameries and dairies. Sent 
to our subscribers on application to Mr. Carter 
E6 a >ove. 
Liek-Saving Service Report for the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1880. Issued by the 
Treasury Department. 
Action of the New York Produce Exchange 
relative to canals—a six page pamphlet advo¬ 
cating free canals. 
Isthmus 8hip Canals, a speech of Hon. 
W. Wind urn, of Mion., advocating Eid’s Ship- 
railwsy at Tehuantepec. 
Sugar Beet Culture and manufacture of 
Beet Sugar—a 20-page little pamphlet issued 
gratis by Gladden & Curtis general selling 
agents of the Pacific Guano Co. 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Akk , Beebe, White Co.. April 12 —We have 
a very late Spring. How the fruit will stand 
it is more than 1 can tell just now. Peaches 
began to bloom about three weeks ago. The 
blackberries are killed, though hitherto they 
always bore heavy crops. The last-picked 
cottou is selling for from 4 to 6 cents per pound, 
so that it does not pay nearly the cost of rais¬ 
ing it. We finished sowing oats ten days ago ; 
all the teed comes from the North. u. b. 
Canada, Eernbill, Ontario, April 9.—We 
have bad a very steady Winter. Itcommenced 
on the 20,h of November, and it was very se¬ 
vere ; sometimes the thermometer registered 
as low as 36 degrees below zero, but the snow 
did not come very heavily uutil about the last 
of February; since then we have had occasion¬ 
al high winds sometimes accompanied with 
snow. Our Spring is very late; the frost is 
not out of the ground yet. But for the two 
last days the sun has been very hot, aud the 
weather has looked more like Spring than any 
■we have bad yet. The cold has killed all of 
my rose bushes right down to the ground, ex¬ 
cept a very few which were covered with snow; 
everything else in the garden has done very 
well- The yuccas have wintered splendidly. 
Did you ever hear of chrysanthemums out-of- 
doors ? I left Borne out last Winter, aod they 
looked Bplendid after the leaves were removed 
to-day. It was a Chinese variety. Winter wheat 
does not look veiy well at present, as there 
was very little growth last Fall, it is only in 
exceptional places that it covers the ground; 
but we may have a very good crop yet if it is 
not heaved out by the frost. Feed is gating 
very scarce with some who thought that we 
were to have an early Spring and fed heavily 
at the start and wasted a great deal. It was a 
hard Winter on bees ; there are very few stocks 
alive in this neighborhood, which will make 
people a little more careful in the future. Some 
of the peach buds are inj ured by the frost and 
others look all right. i. M. w. 
Canada, Province of Quebec.—We have still 
cold weather and plenty of snow. No hot-bed 
made yet. a. l. j. 
Fla., Waldo, Alachua Co., April 12.—We have 
bad more or less frost since the middle of De¬ 
cember, the thermometer on one occasion going 
down to 16 deg, and ice forming three inches 
thick. In November I had around my house 
a large number of Australian forest trees, in¬ 
cluding some specimens of Eucalyptus globu¬ 
lus nearly thirty feet high ; but all, with only 
one exception, are completely killed. The 
only evergreen treeB or shrubs that seemed to 
withstand the season were the Cape Jessamine— 
Gardenia—and the Loquat-tree—Eriobothrya. 
The orange trees lost their leaves and some¬ 
times all the young shoots, and plants which 
flourish indigenously in 43 deg. south latitude 
perished here in 29 deg. 30'. Bananas are, of 
course, cut off. I heard more than once that 
25 miles south of this the oranges were not 
affected ; but I got some of the fruit from that 
section and found that it, too, had been well 
frozen. In many instances cotton must, be 
resown, the young plants being quite killed. 
Corn is also being sewn by some a second 
time for the same reason, though a few farm¬ 
ers are abandoning the crop this > ear for rice. 
But although the Winter has been thus severe 
and in many respects injurious, the cold has 
doubtless done much good. Whole armies of 
insects must have disappeared and if the 
orange crop should be a little diminished this 
year, we are confidently looking forward to a 
great increase in 1882. The effects of the cold 
are rather peculiarly visible. Taking, for in¬ 
stance, a radius of, say, five miles from where I 
write, some gardens are utterly ruined and 
others hardly touched—this, too, without 
any very apparent cause. And the same, I am 
informed, is true throughout the Slate. I have 
a piece of land iu common Dent corn, which 
must be resown, a few plants only having sur¬ 
vived, while 200 yards away is a patch of 
sweet corn—Early Minnesota—that looks well. 
The plants are 14 inches high ; they are strong 
and growing fast, only oue here anil there hav¬ 
ing felt the cold. Mold’s Ennobled Oats re¬ 
ceived from the Rural and sown in October 
are fine. I sowed them vei y thinly in well pre¬ 
pared soil, and they are now about three feet 
high, with leaf-blades more lhan an inch 
across. Measured an inch above ground, the 
plants have tillered out over circles varying 
from six to fourteen inches in diameter. The 
ground has been worked once only since sow¬ 
ing, with a hand cultivator. It is light aud 
sandy and was fertilized from the cow-yard. 
Mv White Elephant Potatoes, also from the 
Rural, are now in blossom. They are very 
luxuriant above ground, but not too much so. 
They have not felt the frost, though even the 
turnips a few yards away have shown that they 
did not like it. If the experiment be thus far 
any indication to go by, it would seem that 
the White Elephant resists cold better than the 
Rose. My Italian onions have been growing 
right through the Winter quite unheeding the 
weather and a recent change to rnoie genial 
climate has made our gardens a mas6 of color 
with blossoms of verbenas, pinks, carnations, 
petunias, etc.—these last often three inches in 
diameter. Rice promises to be a great crop iu 
this State. Three years ago it was hardly 
recognized. This year it will be largely 
sown. It withstands heat and rain better tbau 
anything else; it grows more freqjy and with 
les6 trouble on even poor land, and the longest- 
headed fanners are looking forwaid to rice 
becoming, ere very long, one of the staple 
prodaets of the State. With care we can grow 
quite as good a sample a3 can be produced in 
South Carolina or Georgia. a. r. k. 
III., Champaign, Champaign Co., April 10. 
—Though beginning late in October, the Win¬ 
ter in these latitudes is not over and occasion¬ 
al enow banks lie along the north sides ol fences 
aud timber belts. There is scarcely a sign of 
starting vegetation and the pastures and 
meadows hardly show a tinge of green. No 
plowing nor seeding has been done to amount 
to anything, but teams will be started Monday 
if storms do not come. There is a scarcity of 
all or nearly all agricultural products, aud 
prices are steadily on the rise, For the entire 
State the conntry is shorter than for ten years 
ot fat and stock hogs, butchers’ stock, and 
No. 1 fat cattle, corn, hay, straw and “ rough¬ 
ness" generally, vegetables of all kinds, eggs 
and poultry. Wheat is worth $1; corn, 35c; 
oat6 the same; rye as much as wheat; bay, $10 
@$12 per ton; potatoes, $1@1.25; bogs, 5c; 
butchers' stock, 8J@4c. and for flue No. 1 
fat stock nobody knows what would be bid. 
In short, for the last three or four years, agri¬ 
cultural products have been overestimated 
from 30 to 50 per cent, and the result is unex¬ 
pected shortages along the whole line. The 
wheat crop north and south in this State, has 
been very seriously damaged, and the geueral 
estimate is not over half a crop. It has been as¬ 
certained that tbe hog crop is short, 780,000 hogs 
and pork products arc ou the boom, b p. j. 
III., Edwardsville, Madison Co., April 11.— 
We have a very backward SpriDg. Tc-dayonly 
about one-half the oats are bowu and hardly 
any potatoes are planted. Weather cloudy, 
damp and cold. Peaches, apr icots and small 
fruits will be a total failure, except strawber¬ 
ries, which promise a good crop. Apples look 
all right. Wheat has suffered more than was 
at first expected—fully 20 per cent, has been 
frozen out. The acreage bowu is 25 per cent, 
more than last year. Late-sown wheat has 
suffered the most, owing to the Winter setting 
in so early. o. p. b. 
III., Highland, Madison Co., April 9 —We 
have never before seen such a long Winter. It 
is snowing again to-day after a big rain. Wheat 
looks well enough now; it has been killed in a 
good many places, however; some say they 
will have to plow much of their wheat land 
and put corn in. Wheat is worth $1 per 
buehel; corn, 35c.; oats, 30i. After such a 
long Wintermany farmers are out of fodder aud 
consequently cattle are Buffering. c. s. r. 
III., Dover, Bureau Co , April 4.—Snowing 
again to-day. Many roads blocked up so as to 
be impassable. Very little sunshine for ibo 
last four months. I’ve been in this State 34 
years, and this is Lhe hardest Winter I’ve ever 
seen here. o. a, t, 
Iowa, Atlantic, CaBsCo.—April 12.—We have 
had a very cold Winter, it froze up in Novem¬ 
ber and has been steadily cold ever since. The 
ground has been frozen four feet deep this 
Winter. On the first of April the snow was all 
gone ; now there ore 14 inches, and, it is still 
snowing. The thermometer went 30® below 
zero at out time during the past Winter. 
Small fruits of all kinds are killed as far as I 
can find out. All sorts of stock have wintered 
well. A considerable amount of corn remains 
in the field yet. Corn, 27 cents; wheat, 85c; 
potatoes, 60 -; butter, 20c; eggs, 12 ^ 1 ; stock 
cattle for feeding $4 per hundred; fat hogs, 
$4.60 per hundred; hay, $10 t. u. h. b. 
Iowa, Cherokee, Cherokee Co., April 12.— 
Plenty of snow. No getting into the corn¬ 
fields yet. No Spring work done. e. e w. 
Kan., Alamota, Lane Co., Apiil 14—We 
have a very fine country here, but every 
family coming should bring enough to “run" 
them at least oue year. The past Winter was 
quite severe. The loss of cattle on the range 
was about 10 per cent. Weather now pleasant 
and prospects good for the Eeason n. r. y. d. 
Kan., Norton, Norton Co., April 8—Our 
Spring is tardy; we had snow yesterday. 
Patches of old snow are yet to be seen in the 
heads of the “draws ;” still most of the ground 
is bare and people have been “ breaking” and 
plowing for some time. Weather cool most 
of the lime. Grass started. d e a. 
Mich, Georgetown. Ottawa Co., April 3 — 
It is Winter here yet. Heavy frost every night; 
as cold as Midwinter, thermometer several de¬ 
grees below zero, and Bnow about 12 inches 
all over the country, and the hopes for fruit 
very poor. H. A. 
Neb , Orleans, Harlan Co., April 10 —Wheat 
nearly all sown. Owing to failnre of crops 
last Eea6on nearly all seed is imported. With 
commendable liberality the B. & M. R. R. 
makes no freight charge on imported grain 
designed for seed. Congress made a special ap¬ 
propriation to procure seed fora portion ol this 
State and Kansas- Ilurluu County’s quota came 
last Saturday; a mail-sack full of small pack¬ 
ages of Defiance Wheat—"only that and noth¬ 
ing more.” It will not put oue nickel in any 
one’s pocket this year and another year 
probably we Bliali be beyond want. To hun¬ 
dreds it is yet an unanswered question ; “ How 
can we procure garden and field seedB?" It 
seems to us aB if the $20,000 appropriated for 
seeds for this section hud been spent in Wash¬ 
ington red tape. A Farmer’s Alliance is well 
attended in this village. k. h. c. 
N. Y., Waterville, Oneida Co., April 10.— 
Good butter 28c. per pound and scarce at that; 
eggs, 16@18c. per doz ; hay $14@16 per ton. 
Wages $18@32 per month, with board; $1.25 
@1.50 per day, without board. 
Onro, Columbus, April 12.—The morning of 
the 28th of March found a violent snow storm 
raging, and more or less snow fell every day 
for eight days thereafter, making a total fall 
of a foot or more, while the thermometer 
dropped to January weather ou the mornings of 
the 5th and 6th of April. The drifts are not 
yet quite gone, but are going with rain, so 
that it will be another week at least before the 
plow can he started in Btubble ground, and the 
probabilities are that it will be the last week 
in the mouth before any Spring grain or pota¬ 
toes can be got into the ground, as almost no 
plowing, and quito no planting hud been done 
before this second Winter 6et in. All this 
means poor crops of oats and potatoes, late 
gardens, hurried preparation for corn, and. 
consequently, a poor seed bed. while the out¬ 
look for this crop is rendered still more gloomy 
by the probability that the germinating power 
of a large part of last year's crop has been de¬ 
stroyed by the early and severe cold, just as it 
was duriug the Winter of 1878-79. Wheat 
started into the Winter in poor shape, owiDg 
to the dry Fall, and the drying winds of the 
latter part of March were not improving its 
condition, but the heavy snow has been of 
great benefit both to it and the young clover, 
for which the prospect is fine. The wages of 
far m hands have advanced from 10 to 25 per 
cent., owing to the stimulus of “good times," 
and altogether the outlook is not favorable for 
a money-making year for the fanner, c. e. t. 
Pa., Baden, Beaver Co., April 10.—Wheat is 
not looking as well as last year; acreage 
about the same. Of fruit there is a poor pros¬ 
pect; peaches are entirely killed. Cherries 
are killed in moat cases. Apples, I believe, 
are not hurt; but as we had a large crop last 
year, we cannot expect many this. Some peo¬ 
ple think apples will not pay in the future, as 
the price is so low. What is your opiuiou on 
the subject? [The taste for good fruit is in¬ 
creasing even more rapidly than the popula¬ 
tion ; and the raising of good apples is, we 
think, likely to pay proportionately as well as 
the raising of other crops.— Eds.] The prices 
of farm products are: wheat, $1.08; rye, 
$1.14; corn, 60c ; oats, 50c.; potatoes, 90c. to 
$1; apples, 40c. to 50e.; hay, $23 per ton ; 
butter, 30c ; eggs, 20c. Pittsburg is our nearest 
market—a very good one in most cases, e. w. s. 
Texas, Caldwell, Burleson Co., April 9.— 
There has been a great deal of cotton plowed 
under. There will be a large crop of cotton 
raised this year, and pickers will be in demand 
next Fall if the eeason is favorable. Corn 
was a heavy crop. A great deal was wasted 
on account of sickness. All was not gathered 
last of March. Oats also were a heavy crop. 
Wheat was not of much account. Late frosts 
have damaged the peach crop on low lands ; 
on prairie Lhere will be a fair crop. The mast 
lies thick on the ground yet und stock hogs 
are nnwieldiy masses of oil. Corn has five 
leaves and cotton is large enough to chop out. 
Some years corn is three feet high on good 
land by the 10th of April. Bacon, 8c; corn, 
40c; oats, 60c. d. n 
Texas, Agr. Coll., College Station, Biuzob 
Co , April 16 — Crops throughout the State 
were damaged by frost on the 14'.h inst. The 
d8y previous the thermometer registered 78 
degrees in the shade. c. c. g. 
®|r <$ttmst. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Brewers’ Grains and Distillers' Urnins. 
R H. L , Monsey, N. Y., asks, 1, what are 
brewers’ grains; 2. are they healihful food for 
milch cows; 8, what is an analysis of them; 4, 
how do they compare in value und price with 
other sorts of food for milch cows ; 5, how to 
keep them ; 0, what is the value of the grains 
for manurial purposes; 7, what are distillers’ 
grains and what is their value as food for 
stock. 
Ans.—B rewers’ grains arc the exhausted bar¬ 
ley of a brewer’s mash. In the preparation of 
malt liquors from grain, the starch contained 
in the latter is converted into sugar by the ac¬ 
tion of a peculiar ferment called diastase, con¬ 
tained in the malt, and this sugar being fer¬ 
mented, yields alcohol. In this process the 
starch is almost the only thing extracted. Now 
starch is a carbohydrate or heat-producing 
food, while the quantity and quality of milk 
depend maiuly upon the albuminoids—nitro¬ 
genous or flesh-producing foodt—and these are 
not at all withdrawn from the grain iu the pro¬ 
cess of brewing, as cau be readily seen by 
microscopic examination which shows the 
gluten cells intact, while the starch is nearly 
all dissolved out of the tissues that contain it; 
so that the residue is relatively richer in albu¬ 
minoids than the whole grain. 2, If fed iu 
moderate quantity as part of a ration and while 
fresh, they aru good food for milch cows 
or fattening animals; but they are not adapted 
for animals that have to perform severe work. 
If fed to milch cows heavily or when stale, 
they will injure the quality of the milk. 3, 
Brewers' grains are much more water y than the 
original grain, containing only about 24 per 
cent, of dry matter. Of them Prof. S. W. John¬ 
son gives the following analy is: 
Water. 2.57 
Albuminoid or protelne.20.38 
Fat. 6.40 
Garbo hydrates (starch, sufe-ar, etc.). E4.89 
Fiber...:.•. 11.79 
Ash. 3.97 
100.00 
Dr. P. Collier, Chemist of the Department of 
Agriculture, gives the following analysis of 
brewers’ grains and oats: 
* Brewers' 
Grains. Oats. 
Water. lu.2 11.8 
Albuminoid or protelne.21.7 9.8 
Fat. 6.6 4.9 
Girb. hydrates (Starch, Sug-ar, ete.). 43 9 6* o 
Fiber.14.9 12.5 
Ash. 2.7 3.0 
100.0 ’ 100.0 
When corn meal is used iu the brewing, it 
considerably enhances their value as food for 
cows, and would make the grains show 
about the following: Proteine 5 20, fat 2 10, 
starch 18.50. 4. The relative cost of brewers’ 
grains and other sorts of feed will vary, of 
course, with the season, the ratio of demaud 
and supply and the freightage. In areceutar- 
gument before a Senate Committee investigat¬ 
ing the healthfulness of these grains at Albany, 
Lhe following relative values of 100 pounds of 
different kinds of food was given by the advo¬ 
cate of the grains: 
Protelne. Fat. Starch 
Brewers’ Grain.$ .25 4.73 t oo 14.29 
Timothy Hay. l.oo 3.02 1.57 48.58 
Clover my. 75 7.88 1.48 39.71 
Corn Meal.... 1.12 6 23 2,59 66.90 
Cotton Seod Meal,. 1.30 33.00 10.89 12.65 
This table shows that the protelne (albumin¬ 
oids, flesh and milk-making elements) in brew¬ 
ers’ grains and cotton-seed meal can be bought 
for about $3 75 per 100 pounds, while in corn 
meal it coats nearly $5 per 100 pounds, and in 
timothy hay $6.70 per 100 pounds. 5. As stale 
grains are objectionable feed, a fresh supply 
should be procured as oftou as conveniently 
possible. They should be kept iu tight casks 
or other vessels each large enough to hold one 
day's feeding—oue for each day between the 
dates at which the graia is received—as de¬ 
scribed by Professor L B Arnold, iu the 
Rural of April 9 The content* of these 
should bo pressed down with heavy weights 
on movable covers, so that the pressure will be 
constant. A covering of water will exclude 
the air, and so aid in the preservation of the 
