APRIL 30 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
291 
grains. Salt sprinkled over them in Summer 
will prevent flies depositing their eggs on 
them and breeding maggots. They may also 
be kept in air-tight silos or pits, the same as 
green fodder; but owing to the inevitable 
access of air ou the opening of these at feeding 
time, the other is the better method. The 
manure from animals fed ou brewers’ grains is 
considerably richer than ordinary barnyard 
manure, the ashes containing eleven percent, of 
phosphoric acid aud nine per cent of potash. 
G. One thousand pounds of brewers’ grains 
contain 2G0 pounds of dry matter; of this 8$ 
pounds are nitrogen, J pound potash, 1^ 
pound lime, pound magnesia and 3J 
pounds phosphoric acid. The value of 
these at the current rates is about 42 40, 
which would make the manurial value about 
>54.80 per ton. At the usual price of 10 or 12$ 
ceuts per bushel of 60 poueds, a ton would 
cost from $3 30 to $4. If applii-d fresh to the 
soil a great, part of the value would be lost un¬ 
less they weie used in the hill with crops 
planted iu that way. If composted with ma¬ 
nure or earth with wood ashes or lime they 
would be made mare effective. 
7- The first stages of the process of manu¬ 
facturing distilled liquors ure essentially the 
same as those in the preparation of malt 
liquors, but after the fermentation, the mash 
is subjected to distillation to separate the al¬ 
cohol. The residue remaining iu the still con¬ 
stitutes distillers’ grains or ‘’slump.” This 
has nearly the same composition as brewers’ 
grains, except that it is much more watery, as 
it contains only about eight or nine percent, 
of dry matter. Like brewers’ grains the 
“slump” has lost chit(ly its starch or noc-ni- 
Lrogenous 6ubsUuce, aud is therefore a valu¬ 
able addition to fodder poor iu albuminoids. 
It gives good results in fattening or feeding 
for milk when properly used; but it is not 
found well suited for sheep, hogs or horses. 
In feeding these grains their watery nature 
Bhcruld be borne in mind, and the health of 
the animal requires that they should be fed 
with some other fodder, like hay or straw. 
Much of the prejudice against “distilleiy 
slops ” arises from the exclusive or almost ex 
elusive use of the “slump” for feed, and from 
the usually filthy surroundings of the animals 
fed thereon, rather thau from anything inju¬ 
rious in the stuff itself. 
Foxtail and Hungarian Gras*. 
It. II. O., Harlan (Jo., Neb., asks, 1, the re¬ 
lation between Hungarian Grass and Foxtail 
Grass. The idea prevails thereabouts that mil¬ 
let and Hungarian are perfected Foxtail, and 
may therefore degenerate into Foxtail. 2, On 
Western soil extremely rich in all needed min¬ 
erals, though somewhat deficient in vegetable 
mold, cannot a rank growth of Foxtail be 
utilized by plowing it under ? 3, Can the area 
mowed once be profitably mowed again in the 
same seaBon ? 4, How should the grass be 
treated? 5, What would be the effect of 
shallow plowing. 
Ans. —1, Both belong to the Gramme ;e or 
Grass Family, but Foxtail is Betaria glauca 
and Hungarian, Italian Millet or Bengal Grass, 
is Setaria Italiea, and the one would be no 
more likely to degenerate into the other than 
Trifolium pratense, Bed Clover, would be like¬ 
ly to degenerate into T. repens, White Clover. 
2, A rank growth of Foxtail may and should 
be utilized by plowing it under before it per¬ 
fects us seed. 3, If this is done some time in 
June, and the land iB thoroughly harrowed 
aud rolled, another crop will frequently spring 
up and grow large enough to be of some value 
to cut for hay, by September. 4, Treat the 
product in curiDg the same as any other hay. 
5, One shallow plowing will have no bad tffect 
wnatever ou the laud; it may tffect the first 
crop following. We would not plow either 
late or shallow in order that the seed of the 
first crop should germinate to ptoduce the 
second. There are usually enough dormant 
seeds in the ground to produce half-a-dozen 
crops. Thirl)-four experiments with seven 
different soils, at the Cornell University farm, 
gave an average of 386 self-sown plant seeds 
that germinaltd iu the first two luches of soil 
iu each square foot, or 14$ million seeds per 
acre. (See first annual report of ihe Cornell 
University Experiment Station, 1879-80.) For 
comparison we might say that one peck of 
Timothy per acre gives about 87 seeds per 
square foot; the same amount of clover seed 
gives about 58 seeds per square foot. 
A Cord of manure; Sowing Clover iu Corn 
Ground etc. 
C. II. D., Occoquan, Vet., asks, 1, what is a 
cord of manure and how io it measured; 3, 
how would it do to sow clover on corn ground 
at the last working—would the ground be 
shaded too much ; 3. is his Wbitu E.ephant 
which resembles an Early Rose, the genuine 
article or has it been changed in the mail as 
the packet was received open ; 4 should it be 
pluutcd now—as it is t-prouliug—or kept un¬ 
til tbe usual time lor planting potatoes there¬ 
abouts—June i5 
Anb —A cord of manure is a compact heap 
eight feet long, four feet wide aud four feet 
high containing 128 cubic feet, or precisely 
the same as a cord of wood or a cord of stone. 
The weight of a cord of manure is very varia 
ble and depends upon the water iu it. The 
organic matter is lighter thau water, and, 
when comparatively dry, horse stable manure 
weighB about 4.800 to 5,000 pounds. Waring 
in bis Hand\-book of Husbandry says a cord 
of well trodden stable manure weighs 7,080 
pounds; which is 940 pounds lets than the 
weight of the same bulk of water. Dana in 
his Muck Manual si ys a cord of green cow- 
dung weighs 9,289 pounds, which is 1,269 
pounds more thau ihe weight of as much water, 
aud ia therefore clearly impossible, as there is 
nothing iu cow-dung heavier than water. But 
this author is by no means freef rom erroneous 
statements. Waring is more correct and the 
weight given by him is the maximum for 
fresh and wet manure. 2, It is not advisable 
to sow clover in tbe wav mentioned. It is not 
giving the clover a chance. It cannot be¬ 
come well rooted before the Winter, will be 
trodden and damaged in harvesting the corn, 
and the corn stubble will be greatly in tbe way 
of cutting the clover. It would be better to 
plow the corn stubble iu the Spring, harrow it 
thoroughly and sow the clover alone. If this 
is done early and the soil is good a crop of 
hay may be taken the same season. 3. Yes, 
4. Now. 
Abortion in a Mare. 
U. B., Beebe, While Co, Ark, wishing to 
obtain a colt from a valuable mare that is half 
gone with foal, ask6 for some means of pre¬ 
venting abortion. She is six years old and has 
already aborted once. 
Ans. —When half the time of pregnancy is 
over, the mare should have special care as she 
is then more likely to slink her foal thau at 
auy other period. Good feeding, careful hand¬ 
ling and moderate exercise are the best pre¬ 
ventives of ibis mishap. The rapid growth of 
thelietnsat that time makes on her system a 
constant draft that should be met with an ex¬ 
tra ration of grain. A mare that Las once cast 
her foal is likely to do it again at a correspond¬ 
ing period of pregnancy—especially if a simi¬ 
lar provocation occurs. Among the various 
causes of abortion are blows, strains, violent 
excitement of any sort, sympathy with other 
mares that have aborted in sight, aud nervous 
Bpasmsdue to a diseased stomach. The sight and 
smell of food which the pregnant mare likes, 
but which she is not allowed to eat, will also 
be likely to cause her to slink her foal. If 
symptoms of slinking are discovered in time, 
it may be prevented by burning feathers—pref¬ 
erably those of a pigeon—in a pau of coals so 
that she will be forced to inhale the smoke. 
Once a tendency to abort has been established, 
however, it is not easy to counteract it. 
Cut Uoru-Nlalk*. 
N. A., Pittsburgh, Pa., asks, 1, whether it 
would pay to cut corn-stalks for stock feed, 
arnf whether horses and cattle would eat the 
cut fodder; 2, is there any nutriment in corn¬ 
stalks; 3, where can a good cutter be ob¬ 
tained. 
An 8 —1. When corn fodder is cut fine or 
short, cattle aud horses will eat it all up. There 
is not much nutriment in the woody part of the 
stalk, but it answers for bowel distension, 
which is important to keep animals healthy. 
A half-bushel of cut-up corn-stalks thrte times 
a day, with two quarts of meal added, will 
make a ration sufficient for a full-grown ani¬ 
mal, The meal may consist of . qual parts in 
bulk of bran and corn rneul, or cotton seed 
meal. 2 Cattle would not thrive on the stalks 
alone, hut with the leaves added they will do 
well if they have enough to eat; but it would 
be better economy to feed less of the stalks 
when fodder is high und add the meal or bran. 
3 A good one is made by the Bcleher & 
Taylor MT’g Co , Chicopee Falls, Mass. Near¬ 
ly all dealers iu agricultural implements keep 
the cutter. 
Plants “Damping Off." 
11. M I) , Parkersburg, III , intend ing to raise 
early tomatoes, towed the seed in several 
boxes in the house. The plants came up nicely, 
but before the leaves were fairly started they 
lost their bright greeu color and began to 
droop, und on pulling them up the roots were 
found all gone except the main one, which was 
girdled or stripped of its skin. Cabbuge, 
onions, dianthns and &nap-dragon suff-red like 
the tomatoes, and we are asked what ailed 
them. 
Ans. —The probable cause of failure is want 
of pricking off into other boxes, want of air, 
or too much moisture. The plauts are not 
“girdled” by anything, but merely shriveled 
up—“damped off,” as it is called. Allseed- 
lings raised artificially, whether in the house 
or in frames, are better pricked out before the 
third leaf is formed. 
Miscellaneous. 
O. II. n , Castile, N. Y.. plowed an old pas¬ 
ture last year and planted potatoes and beans 
on It, tilling it, weli: this season be intends to 
use it for barb y and seed down, and not hav¬ 
ing any barny ud manure for it. he asks for 
an analysis of barb y, showing the amounts of 
potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen it con¬ 
tains so as to be able to judge what sort of ferti 4 
lizer should be used to supply it with plant-food 
and also he inquires what would be the beBt 
application. 
Ans. —For cent, of ash, 5.10; potash, 21.6: 
soda, 4 5; magnesia, 2 4; lime, 7 6; phos¬ 
phoric acid, 4 3; sulphuric acid, 3 7; Bilica, 
53 8. Ab yon do not know which of the above 
constituents your soil needs or supplies in suf 
ficient quantity or in excess, it would be im¬ 
possible to ascertain what fertilizer would be 
best to purchase except by «xperiment As a 
matter of guess-work, we should recommend 
unleached wood ashes or potash in some foim. 
W. 8. G., Ackworth, N. B., asks, 1, what is 
the best work on mange culture ; 2, where can 
he get a good-sized map of Florida. 
Ans. —1, Orange Culture in F.orida, a very 
useful little pamphlet, by J. H. Fowler, was 
published in 1873 at Jacksonville, Florida, and 
can doubtless be obtained through the Florida 
Agriculturist or the Semi Tropical, both of 
which are published iu tbat. town The 
standard Eiropean works are Tratl da Genus 
Citrus by Gallesio. published at Savona. Italy, 
in lsls and Bis oire Aalurelle des Oranges, by 
Rissio and Poiteau, an elegant work with 100 
beaniitully coloied engraviugs, originally is¬ 
sued at Faria iu 1818, and lately republished 
under the editorship of the distinguished ar¬ 
boriculturist, Du Breuil. 2: From Colton, 
Z ibn & Roberts, map dealers, 172 William St, 
this city. 
W. B 8., Galveston, Texas, asks for some 
means of prevemiug a horse from chewing tbe 
lines or other objects close t,y while tied or 
standing. 
Ans —The only effectual wsy to obviate tbe 
above is to use a strong, light chain for the 
bitching strap, and also for ar y part of the 
lineB tbe horse is in the habit of chewing. Some 
who use rope or leather straps and liree. rub 
them with aloes liquid, boneset, tansy or other 
bitter juice, or water in which they have l» en 
steeped. Such 1"quids, however, soon dry. and 
are only effectual for a short time. If the 
horse 18 in the habit of turning his head around 
to chew any part of his harness, or blanket, or 
fly-net, hitch him so short that he cannot gei 
at them with his teeth. 
B. F. IF , Cambria, N. Y, asks, 1, where 
Norway Oats can be obtained ; 3, are they the 
same as the Ennobled Oats; 3, what are the 
White Russian Oats, and are they all they are 
“ cracked up” to be. 
Ans. —1. We do not think the Norway is a 
distinct variety at all. It was introduced years 
ago, and, being of large Bize, sold at high 
prices. This size was owing, we believe, to 
high cultivation, selection of seed, and a favor¬ 
able climate, and under ordinary treutinent it 
is soon lost. We do not know of auy Norway 
Oats now offered. 2 No. 3. Some highly 
pra’se the White Russian, some condemn" them. 
We shall sow one bushel and tell our readers 
how they behave at the Rural Farm. 
J. B 8, Logansport, Ind ,, sends an apple 
for name. 
Ans. —The apple was sent to Mr. Charles 
Downing as we could not identify it. Here is 
his reply; “ The apple came safely and I regret 
to say that I do not recognize the variety as 
any I am acquainted with. There are several 
kinds similar to this in appearance, and it is 
difficult, without having them together for 
comparison, to decidetheir identity. I think it 
is an old variety mostly gone out of use.” 
G. U., Backettstown, N. J., asks whether 
maugel& can be transplanted the same as beets. 
Ans —Oh, yt s; but as Col. Curtis said in his 
article ou mangel culture in last issue, it will 
not pay to transplant them, as the transplanted 
roots seldom pay for the bother. When it is 
done, the large leaves should be twisted off, 
otherwise the evaporation from them will kill 
the roots. 
J (}., no address, asks where pipe and other 
necessaries for making a “driven well” can 
be obtained. 
Ans —Not haviug our inquirer's address we 
cannot mention the name of any dealer in his 
neighborhood; but the nearest plumber will 
be able to supply all requisites cither from bis 
stock on hand or by ordering what is wanted. 
IF. F. C., Mars Bluff, 8. C., usks, 1, the name 
of the white bean commonly called the Navy 
Bean ; 2, can it be planted in corn to advan¬ 
tage. 
Ans. —1. It has no other name that we know 
of. 2. It is planted largely in the West with 
corn and yields well. 
COMMUNICATIONS KKCKIVHD FOB TUB WKKK UNIT¬ 
ING Saturday, April 23th. 
Mrs. .T. C. W.—M. B. C.-Mrs. L R.—W, J. F. Jr. 
—W. F. C.-Edgerton.—B. F. J.-J. P. R.-D. H. 
H —D. E. S.-J A. 8 — R. L-—A. B. A.—J. M. W— 
S. R. M.-C P. B.-N K -R. L —T. II. H B.-E. 
M. W.-M. V. R-G.E.N.-R.IIC.-O.C.D.- 
W.J. F.-E. C. T.-F. M —T. N.—S. D. A.-S F, 
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A L J - E F. M —M E. H -J L -M. M.-O. K. 
-8. D. It.—« G — B J.-l). G. S -A L.-Mia S 
C.—1. S.—C. M. 11.—A. h J —J p B.—A. J. <1., 
thank you,—J. E. O — D S. M.-W. F. C.—A. M, 
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V. R., we shall try to answer.—S. E. 8.—“Sut^ 
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Supplies Country Homes 
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PRICE & KNICKERBOCKER, 
80 State Street, Albany, N. Y. 
“ HAWLtY’S” ChoiceOntoii Saei 
WARRANTED FRE>H AND GENUINE 
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RAISING R AREVINES 
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luo., OZ. 411. tb. 
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843 Broadway. New York. 1338 Chestnut St., Phils. 
OEND STAMP for Now Book on RUPTURE, 
Rubber Truss Co., NEW HAVEN, CONN. 
^Hivery farmer oepdlng ns his uame.L.- 
we will send free The. C/uety leaf, a 4 page, 2s column 
farmers’ paper, full of valuable information on the 
culture ana harvesting of clover for need. When 
vnn write ttav where von saw this notice. Address 
hntn aRI.l. MANUFACTURING C0. r South Bond. Ind- 
