352 
MAY 23 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Station No, 120—Swift Sure Bone Meal"; 
frcm manufactory of M. L. Shoemaker «fc Co., 
Philadelphia.- 
Ssation No. 132—Smith’s Pure Ground Bone; 
from m amt facto i y of John I. Smith, Trenton. 
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Ground Bone has been used by farmers 
longer than any other of the bigb-'oriced fer¬ 
tilizers, and it still holds its rank in their esti¬ 
mation. The chief change made in preparing 
it for market is in grinding it finer than was 
formerly doue. That fine ground bone should 
be quicker than coarse bone in its action, and 
should either produce better effects or else 
should answer its purpose with smaller quan¬ 
tities is naturally to be expected, and the ex¬ 
perience of good farmers has fully sustained 
this expectation, The Station prices for bone 
of different degrees of fineness were deduced 
from the market values of the various grades 
of ground bone. 
An examination of the mechanical analysis 
given above, and of the valuations compared 
with the selling prices, shows very plainly the 
greater worth of the bone that is ground fine, 
and the loss which comes from sending it into 
market imperfectly ground. 
Geo. H. Cook, Director. 
New Brunswick, N. J., May 5, 1881. 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERI¬ 
MENT STATION. 
BULLETIN NO. 5b. APRIL 28, 1881. 
Superphosphates, Ounnos. 
568. Soluble nitrogenous phosphate. 
567. P<ne Island guano. 
The samples named above were manufac¬ 
tured by the Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co of New 
London, Conn., and sold by Olds & Whipple, 
Ba'tford, Conn. 
565 S >luble Pacific gnano, manufactured by 
the Pacific Guano Co., Boston, Mass., and sold 
by B. A Soilman ic Co., Hartford. Conn. 
56L. Muchell’s standard phosphate, sold by 
H. A Stillman <fc Co.. Hartford, Conn. 
Reverted 
Insoluble 
568 
587 
565 
. 5~7U 
5 34 
6 90 
. 4 61 
1 93 
1 36 
. 1 16 
U 62 
4 05 
. 2 41 
4 20 
8 61 
. 2 7U 
2 94 
2 28 
. 2 84 
1 08 
2 45 
.$38 01 
$38 65 
$35 36 
.. 40 00 
46 06 
45 00 
.. 9 99 
6 35 
964 
0 14 
0 08 
2 19 
1 06 
4U IK) 
21(54 
Poiakh Halts. 
559. Sulphate of potash, imported and sold 
by the Mapee’ Formula and Peruvian Guano 
Co., New York and Hartford. 
572. Muriate of potash, imported by the 
Bowker Fertilizer Co , Boston and New York ; 
sold by Wilson & Burr, Middletown, Conn.; 
sent by J. M. Hubbard, Middletown. 
-- ' 559 
Potash (potassium oxide). 43 23 
Sulphate ot poUi.SU. <9 9a 
Diurmteoi potueh........ •••• 
Chlor.no .- . .g f° 
Potash guaranteed. 44 °o 
Cost per ton .$65 (10 
Cost pt-r loo pounds potash. v 53 
* •*liuiirauteed 8n-85 per cent, muriate of potash” 
equalB 6u.o-5a.7 potasu. ___ 
Halt, Platter. 
570. Salt, manufactured by the Onondaga 
Salt Co., Syracuse, N. Y., sold by Bronson & 
Fiizgerald, Hartford. 
562. Plaster, ground by G. A. London, Ber- 
n. Conn., sold by Oids & Whipple, Hartford. 
572 
49 02 
77 63 
50'54* 
$45 00 
4 59 
Chlorine... 
670 
. 56 80 
. 93 60 
662 
Sulphuric acid. 
Hvurated niitphate ot lixne. 
44 46 
95 57 
1 93 
Inuoiuble milters... 
2 60 
% 
Cost per ton . 
loo pounds of pure gj-pBum cost. 
$io 00 
$9 o« 
T 
Uone, Fish, Cantor Pomace. 
569. Pure bone meal, made and sold by the 
Mapes’ Formula and Peruvian Guano Co., 
New York and Hartford. 
566. Dry ground fish guano, made by the 
Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co., New London, 6old 
by Olds & Whipple, Hartford. 
564. Castor pomace, made by H. J. B iker <fe 
Bros., New Yoik, Bold by Olds & Whipple, 
Hartford. 
563. Castor pomace, made by H, J. Biker & 
Bros., sold by Buckland it Hardin, Glaston- 
bnry. Conn. 
Potash. 
Cost exceeds valuation.. 
669 
566 
564 
,. 2 46 
8 54 
5 47 
. 27 46 
6 96 
1 51 
- .... 
.... 
0 90 
$10 33 
$12 59 
$20 32 
. 42 00 
45 00 
25 00 
. 1 67 
2 49 
4 69 
663 
508 
1 60 
1 12 
$19 97 
25 00 
6 03 
With the exception of 572 all the samples re¬ 
ported in this Bulletin were taken and sent by 
E C. Bunce, of South Manchester. 
The bone meal 569 all passed holes of 1-50 
inch. 
Trade Values for 1*81. 
For 1881 the following revised Trade Val¬ 
ues will be employed for comparing fertilizers. 
These values are with two exceptions the same 
as given in Bulletin 52 and in the Station re¬ 
port of 1880. Here the prices of potash in 
sulphate and muriate are increased, the former 
one-half cent, the latter one cent per pound. 
Cts. per lb. 
Nitrogen in nitrateR ..26 
“ in ammonia Knits. 22)4 
in Peruvian Guano, fine steamed hone, 
di led and line ground blood,meat and 
fish, superphosphates and special 
manures ..26 
in coarse or moist blood, meat or tank- 
aim. in cotton seed, linseed and castor 
pomace... 16 
in fine ground buic, burn and wool dust la 
in fine medium bone. 14 
in medium bone . 13 
in coarse loodinm bone. 12 
in cnftTHO bone, horn shaviutr, hair and 
fish .. 11 
Phosphoric acid soluble in water .12g 
'• •• reverted ” and Peruvian Guano 9 
•• •• insoluble, in fine bone and fish 
Kuano . 6 
•• “ " in fii.e medium bone.. 5'< 
“ “ " in medium boue. 6 
“ “ “ in coarse medium bone 4)4 
“ “ “ in course boue, bone 
null and lame black. 4 
" “ “ in fine ground rock 
phosphate. 3)4 
Potash in high irrade sulphate. 7)4 
“ in low irrade sulphate and kalnlte.. 6)4 
“ iu muriate or potassium chloride. 4) 4 
There has been some advance in the cost of 
ammonia salts and animal matters, and, as a 
consequence, the selling prices of these arti¬ 
cles and of superphosphates, etc., are often 
higher than last year. The Station valuations 
should be regarded aB approximate, and while 
they cannot in every case fix the absolute 
money value of fertilizers, they may commonly 
be relied on for purposes of comparison. 
S. W. Johnson, D rector. 
dittomolopral, 
THE RESPLENDENT SHIFLD-BEARER. 
(Aspidisca splendoriferella.) 
PROFESSOR G. H. FRENCH. 
Some of our comic newspapers a few years 
ago facetiously represented the prospect for 
raising a crop in some of the States west of 
of the plants cultivated for food. Most of them 
have been brought from the Old World, and 
with them have come their insect enemies, 
leaving behind many of the parasites that kept 
these enemies in check. When we add to 
these the insects native of this country, that 
may feed upon the same plants.it is easy to 
see that watchfulness is necessary to success¬ 
fully raise almost any of our cultivated crops. 
Perhaps there is no one plant among those 
generally cultivated of which this is more true 
than the apple tree. A host of caterpillars 
may destroy the leaves, lice may suck the 
"iuices from limbs and twigs, or the borers may 
riddle the trunk and branches. If tbe tree es¬ 
capes all these, and hears fine-looking fruit, 
even this may be found to be pre-empted by 
the apple worm. 
One of tbe smallest of the insects that feed 
upon the apple tree is the one named at the 
head of this article and represented in its vari¬ 
ous stages in the accompanying illustration. 
The moth is represented at g, larger than in 
nature, the true size being shown by the crossed 
lines between the hind pair of legs. This de¬ 
posits its eggs on tbe upper surface of the 
leaves soon after they are fully expanded. 
Professor Comstock. Entomologist to the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture. In his last report 
gives quite a full account of the habit? of the 
larvae uf this little moth. As soon as the egg 
hatches the young larva eats Its way into the 
green pulp between the thin ekins that cover 
the upper ami lowei sides of the leaf. Here it 
lives, feeding upon the green matter and leav¬ 
ing tbe thin films of tissue above and below 
until it has attained its full size and is ready to 
change to a pupa. Figure b represents the 
insect at this time, the mark at the side, as in 
other cases, representing the true length. 
It now cuts out an oval or somewhat trian¬ 
gular section of the dry, epidermal tissue above 
and below it, fastens these together by their 
edges with silk, all except a small space 
through which it can pasB its head and the 
first two or three segments of the l ody. With 
all of its body except the front part in this 
case, it now walks a Bbort distance on the leaf, 
but apparently soon tiling of that mode of 
progression, it fastens a web lo the leaf 
or limb and lets itself down. Blown by the 
wind against tbe limbs or trunk of the tree, or 
any other object, it soon finds some conven¬ 
ient place where it may fasten its ease. This 
done, it retreats to the inside, changes Us posi¬ 
tion somewhat, and in a short time changes lo 
a chrysalis, shown at /. Figure « shows a 
leaf in which several of these little worms 
have been at work, each cutting out its case. 
Figure d shows a limb with several of these 
cases attached. Io the more northern por¬ 
tions of the United States it is probable there 
is only one brood of these worms in a season, 
the larva assuming the form of e in the case, 
in which condition it passes the Winter, to un¬ 
dergo its changes the following Spring. Far¬ 
ther south there are, Professor Comstock says, 
two broods, the first entering the cases the fore 
part of July, to come out as moths from the 
latter part of July to the first, of AngnBt, the 
second brood to enter the caeeB to pass the 
Winter some time in October. The moth has 
the base of the wings leaden-gray, the outer 
L *>J ' 
ME-* 
THE RESPLENDENT SHIELD-BEARER IN VARIOUS STAGES.—FIG. 269. 
the Mississippi, by picturing a hill of corn sur¬ 
rounded on three sides by a close fence, the 
owner sitting in the opening on the fourth 
side to watch the hill, while hungry grasshop¬ 
pers were peering over the fence, patiently 
waiting for the old man to fall asleep that they 
might eat the corn. The idea we may get 
from the picture—that eternal vigilance is the 
price of a good crop—is true of more than one 
half golden, marked with silver and brown, as 
seen iu the figures. 
But the question of most importance is, can 
we prevent the depredations of these little 
pests ? In spite of its protecting ckse, ants 
feed upon the caterpillar, and there are at 
least two 3pecies of small hymenopterous in¬ 
sects that are its parasites. If there are but 
few of the worms little harm can be done, as 
they are so small; but if they occur in great 
numbers their ravages make a serious draft 
upon the nourishment of the tree. Professor 
Comstock sayB that the only way to cope with 
them is to destroy the cases in the Winter 
time, and he recommends spraying or painting 
the limbs and trunk of the tree with a mixture 
of kerosene and water in the proportion of 
three parts to 100. A mixture of lime and sul¬ 
phur, dissolved in hot water, has been used 
with good effect. 
Carbondale, Ill. 
$ ontological. 
THE FAMEUSE APPLE, 
T. T. LTON. 
W. C. Barry, in the Country Gentleman, 
has taken occasion to commend this old favor¬ 
ite of the Northern orchardist, as a highly de¬ 
sirable dessert apple. His remarks seem to 
have provoked criticism by another correspon¬ 
dent, to which Mr. Barry replies in a recent 
issue of the same paper. 
I altogether agree with Mr. Barry as to the 
great beauty and fine quality of this apple when 
well grown ; but, while it is, in a peculiar 
6 ense, a Northern apple, failing wholly south 
of New York and Southern Michigan ; even in 
that arid other northern latitudes, as soon as 
the trees acquire a moderate age it is exempt 
from cracking and fnngns only in exception¬ 
ally favorable seasons; while, at tbe same time 
it is so prone to overbear, that only the best of 
management, including high culture, judi¬ 
cious pruning, and persistent thinning, will pre¬ 
vent the carrying of more fruit than can be 
ful y matured. This I understand to be true 
of this fruit in that paradise of tbe apple, 
Western New York, and it is equally ti ne in 
Michigan ; while the reports of societies in the 
British Provinces characterize it as liable to 
the same objection there. Such being the al¬ 
most universal experience with tbeFumense, I 
review the article of Mr. Barry for the purpose 
of proposing a substitute for bis recommenda¬ 
tion. More than a quarter of a century since 
a Beedling of Central Michigan, originaiing in 
all probability from the Faineuse, and named, 
from its place of origin, Shiawassee Beauty, 
was brought to public notice. Possessing tbe 
white, delicate flesh, juiciness and refreshing 
flavor of its supposed parent; of similar 8ize 
and appearance, and of thesame season, when 
specimens were sent to Mr. Charles Downing, 
it was long before he became satisfied to con¬ 
sider it as distinct, so vet y similar are it and 
tbe Fameuse in qualify. Experience, however, 
shows obvious differences. Tbe Shiawassee 
Beauty is more distinctly oblate in form with a 
brilliant blush, such as is only occasionally 
seen upon the Faineuse, while the distinct 
stripes of tbe latter are never seen upon the 
former. The similarity in flavor, texture, 
juiciness and color of flesh is so marked that, 
with the skin removed, it is scarcely possible 
to distinguish the one from the other. So far, 
then, there would be little choice between the 
two. 
The advantages that give the Shiawassee 
Beauty the preference, in my estimation, are, 
that the flavor is somewhat richer; that the 
fruit is much less liable to scab and crack; 
while I have never known it to perceptibly 
suffer in quality from overbearing. The size 
will also aveiage larger than Fameuse. 
The tree is slightly more upright in habit, 
equally vigorous, and, so far as I have been 
able to learn, fully as hardy. It has been 
widely tested in Michigan and proves univer¬ 
sally successful. I have heard little of its suc¬ 
cess in other States, although many years since 
cions were widely disseminated. I can im¬ 
agine no good reason why it should fail in ary 
locality to which the Fameuse is adapted. One 
reason why it is not generally known may be, 
that no person seems to have made a specialty 
of its growth and dissemination, and since 
the texture is rather delicate for rough hand¬ 
ling, audit is, therefore, only adapted to neai-by 
marketing, it has never attracted the atten¬ 
tion of commercial planters. 
Jnhsirial fmjlfnunts. 
The New Buckeye Senior Hiding Cultivator. 
This excellent cultivator is made by Messrs. 
P. P. Mastifc Co., of Springfield, Ohio. It is 
strictly a riding cultivator, having higher 
wheels and a greater weight than the Buck* ye 
Junior. It has been furnished with all possi¬ 
ble improvements to fit it better for this season’s 
work. Among its many claims to the favora¬ 
ble attention of our readers, we have space 
only for a few: It is equipped with seven 
shovels, wood beams, wood standards and 
seeding attachment, though it is sold either 
with or without the last, and can be used with 
four or Bix shovels for corn. It has rotary 
shields which experience has shown to be the 
