MAY 23 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 
beet. Its improved beam coupling; or hinge 
bolds the beam firmly in an upright position, 
making it rnn Bteadily and easy to handle 
The shovels are strong and adj ustable so as 
to throw the dirt to or from the corn. The 
foot treadle, or levers for raising the shovels 
when turning round at the end of a row or to 
pass an obstruction, are especially convenient. 
The high wheels enable it to pass over corn 
The Journal of the American Agricul¬ 
tural Association. —This book of 250 large 
pages, (six by nine inches) the first number is¬ 
sued, is highly creditable to the secretary, Mr. 
Jas. H. Reall, involving, as it must have done, 
an immense amount of tedious labor which 
seems to have been performed in a faithful, 
painstaking manner. Many important agri¬ 
cultural topics are ably treated byBuch writers 
these columns. But hellebore is certain and 
swift destruction to the currant worm. It may 
be mixed with Hour or plaster and dusted on 
the leaves while moist with dew. Or it may 
be steeped a few moments in hot water and 
applied with a whisk broom when cool. One 
ounce of hellebore to a pailful of water is 
enough.......... . 
in the la6t plowing. The seat is adjustable 
and can be readily balanced for ahesvy or light 
driver. For fallow five, six or seven shovelB 
can be used. The shovels are arranged in an 
A-.-bape so that the trash is carried out on each 
side and clogging is thus prevented. The rear 
shovels, being narrow, leave the ground 
smooth and free from ridge6. We recom¬ 
mend all opr readers in want of such an 
implement to send to the above address for de¬ 
scriptive circulars of this one, which will be 
promptly forwarded on application. G. b. b. 
as Dr. J B. LaweB, Prof. J. P. Sheldon, Prof. 
James Law, Dr. John A. Warder, and others 
cjuite loo numerous to mention. This work 
may be procured of the Secretary by addressing 
him at 127 Water St., New York city. Price 
75 cents which it is assuredly well worth. 
Quarterly Report of the Kansas State 
Board of Agriculture for the quarter ending 
March 31. J. K. Hudson, Topeka, Secretary. 
•• Oleomargarine as a Pure Food Product." 
A pamphlet of 24 pages issued by the Commer¬ 
cial Man’f’g. Co., of New York. 
Value and Culture of Mangels —From 
the peu of our occasion al contributor Mr. J. S. 
Woodward we find in the agricultural columns 
of the N. Y. Tribune the following timely sng- 
trn^tions on mangel culture: Learned men, Mr, 
Woodward says, may laugh at the root crop as 
much as they pleare, and prate that roots are 
noihtug but water ; but when he looks at his 
stock he feels that if what they say is true, then 
"greafia water and greatly to be praiBed,” 
but he much prefers to have it inside the skin 
of a mangel, and so does his stock. .... He 
last year had eight acres that averaged not less 
than 1.400 bushels per acre.. . While 
carrots are better than swedes and swedes are 
richer in food-elements than mangels, still he 
prefers mangels, for the following reasons 
among others: They can be planted early, be¬ 
fore the press of other work comes on. and can 
be cultivated and the principal part of hoeing 
and weeding done before the hurry of harvest 
time ; they are never attacked by those little 
black fleas that are the bane of the swede 
grower, and are altogether much freer from 
all insect pests. They are not so dependenton 
a favorable season for their growth; being 
planted early, they grow all Summer whenever 
tV.e weather is favorable, and will usually yield 
twice or more times a3 much per acre: they 
are ready to harvest much sooner m the Fall, 
while the weather is good ; they are not half as 
liable to heat and spoil in pits or cellars as the 
6wedes Besides all these, for meat making, 
and especially for milk and butter makiDg. 
they cau be fed in much greater abundance 
without the bad results of imparting a bad 
flavor to the producis. If yiu raise the Long 
Mammoth varieties, you must thin to single 
plants about sixteen inches apart, but for the 
main crop he greatly prefers any of the very 
many varieties of Yellow Globe or Ovoid; really 
in all these he can see but veiv little differ¬ 
ence.Any good rich soil, the richer 
the better, will give a paying crop of mangels. 
A strong gravel is good, or a sandy loam, but 
he prefers a pretty heavy loam, almost a clay ; 
if Daturally or artificially underdrained, this, 
if rich, will give the very best results both as 
to quantity and quality.The main 
point is to have the land rich and fine; plow 
deep and be careful to plow well; harrow, cul¬ 
tivate and roll till the surface is mellow and 
no lumps are left; mark for rows 30 inches 
apart, with a marker similar to a corn-marker. 
8ow not less than 200 pounds of bone-11our and 
three bushels of salt per acre ; to do this, 
throw it lengthwise of the rows, so as to 
The Lincoln Creamery, made at Warren, 
Mass., is a very rapid and successful separator 
of cream from milk. Experiments with this 
creamery at the New York State Fair, in 1880, 
were made for the satisfaction of the Examin¬ 
ing Committee. The milk was set in W3ter at 
a temperature of 56 deg., without ice, and 
showed a perfect separation of cream Inside of 
six hours. It is made in floe style and has 
many excellent points, worthy of examination. 
RURAL BBIEFLET8 
Mr. J. Burwell, of Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 
favors ns with a statement which, if trust¬ 
worthy, is of considerable importance and 
should place all cultivators of the cui rant under 
obligations to him. It is as follows: "One 
pound of alum dissolved in two gallons of 
water and sprinkled on currant bushes will kill 
the currant worm every time, with no danger 
ot poisoning those who eat the fruit. I have 
used it for years and it has never failed in a 
single case."... 
For this climate, it is now time to rub off all 
but the strongest shoots of grape vines planted 
this Spring or last Fall. If more than one bud 
is left, there will be no chance of fruit another 
season and the chances of a third season are 
not eo good. The one shoot left should be tied 
or supported as soon as it has made enough 
growth for that purpose... 
We find that our specimen of theKitffer Hj- 
brid Pear has from eome cause been killed 
nearly to the ground. We should like to hear 
how this much-puffed pear has stood the Win¬ 
ter elsewhere.... 
The Variegated Abutilons and Purple-leaved 
or Rural Bronze Oastoi-oil plant are splendidly 
adapted for forming beds of bandsome, vigor¬ 
ous foliage. The Castoi-oil plant will need 
to be pinched back from time to time. 
Tub present is as good a time as any in the 
year for layering plants of which it is desira¬ 
ble to increase one’s stoek. Vines, all sorts of 
ornamental shrubs and many evergreens can 
thus be propagated. It is only necessary to 
bend down a branch into a little trench be¬ 
neath five or six inches deep and cover it firm¬ 
ly with soil. In the Fall the layer may be sev¬ 
ered from its parent stem and planted. 
Dr. Lawbs has said in a late article, pub¬ 
lished in the Agricultural Gazette of London, 
that even if it were resolved generally to 
carry out a system of high farming by a sup¬ 
ply of purchased fertility, the supply could 
not be obtained except at a pride that would 
prohibit its use. 
We have received a box containing 26 pota¬ 
toes weighing 19 pounds. Some are purple; 
BOOKS, CATALOGUES, ETC, 
Statistical Abstract of the LTnited 
States, 1880. Third Number. Treasury De¬ 
partment, Washington, D. C. 
Eighth Annual Kefor t of the New Jersey 
State B >ard of Agriculture, 1881. P. T. Quinn, 
Seerelaiy, Newark, N. J. 
Ninth Annual Report of the Board of 
Trade of the City of Newark, for the year end¬ 
ing January 12, 1881. P. T Quinn, Sec., N. J. 
Kentucky Geological Survey and Bureau 
of immigration. Ibis pamphlet of 29 pages 
is intended to give information about the cli¬ 
mate, soil, timber, etc., etc., of Kentucky, to 
those either from Europe or elsewhere who 
are seeking new homes. To be had, gratia, 
we suppose, from J. R. Proctor, Frankfort, Ky. 
The May Crop and Stock Report of the 
Ohio State Board of Agriculture, in addition 
to the following figures on wheat, gives much 
valuable information on the condition of other 
crops, fruits and farm animals, forwardness/of 
Spring planting and sowing, wages paid for 
farm labor, etc., etc. It is a pamphlet of 
32 pages and contains a " Wheat Map ” of 
Ohio, showing by counties the present condi¬ 
tion of wheat, the probable yield for 1881, and 
the amount of old crop still in producers’ 
hands. The information is based on estimates 
made by about 1,000 correspondents in nearly 
all the towuehips of the State, mostly practical 
farmers, capable of judging ot the matters they 
report on, and can be depended on as 
approximately correct. The figures 
show that only 19 per cent, of last 
year’s crop, or 10 378 299 bushels of 
wheat, are still in the hands of the pro¬ 
ducers, and that the probable yield of 
the State this year, if we have a fair 
average season from now till harvest, j ^j— 
will be, as telegraphed to us week before *■ ' " 
last, about 44,895 653 buBhels, or 85 per 
cent of last j ear’s fine crop. The wheat 
map shows the best wheat this year 
lies in the level, black-soil counties 
of the north-west part of the State. 
These average fully 100 per cent, as 
compared with a year ago, while the 
rolling counties further east and 
southeast, average only a little over 
80 per cent., and the hilly Ohio River 
counties, only about 65 per cent of last 
year’s yield in the same localities, re- —— 
spectively. This is usually true after _- 
a snowy Winter like the past, while < =sl 
in a very open, rainy Wiuter, like 
that of 1879-80, the level counties 
suffer mo6t. The wheat map also 
shows that the wheat is best 
Ifemllf/ 
DUCKHYfi SENIOK HIDING CTJLTIVAlOK WITH BKOADOAbT biSHDiiK ATTaCUMKNT.—FIG 
in the northerly part of the State where there some white. They resemble in shape the get all yon can immediately on them. 
was most snow. The report will be sent to White Elephant. We have received no letter Any good seed drill will answer, sowing as di- 
any Ohio address upon application. The out- regardiug them and the box gives no clue as to rectly on top of ridge as possible, and using 
look is certainly more encouraging for Ohio the sender or the place from which they were plenty of seed, not less than five pounds per 
farmers than for those of most of the other sent. acre. He starts the cultivator as soon as he 
Winter wheat States, where there was, as A subscriber, while at the office the other can see the rows plainly, and by using, on side 
a rule, less snow in early Whiter; and day, said that, contrary to the Rural’s ad- of cultivator next the mangels, a tooth made of 
hence, poorer crops and firm prices. The fig- vice, he had drilled in with wheat 250 pounds steel and L-ihaped, he can run very close to 
nres given are only estimates at best, but after of tan bark unleaehed ashes per acre and the them without injuring the plants. As soon as 
traveling through sixty of the eighty-eight wheat was looking remarkably fine. We feared weeds start he again cultivates, and when the 
counties of the State, during the last two that unleached ashes in contact with the seed leaves of the youug mangels are about two 
wteks, to examine the wheat, Secretary wouid harm them. inches loug, he "chops out," i, e., cuts with a 
W. I. Chamberlain is convinced the estimates The destruction of the currant worm should sharp hoe through and removes one foot of 
are fairly given for the various localities, and not be delayed If the work be thorough one row, then leaves six inches aud cuts out au- 
not in the interests either of "bulls” or season, few will appear the next. If one has other foot, aud thus goes through, leaving hills 
“ bears" among speculators, but of truth. His no hellebore, then hand-picking should be re- six inches along the row and oue foot between 
own estimatM for the State would have been a sorted to—a very trying, tedious job. Slaked hills. In about a week after this " chopping 
trijie lower than 85 per cent* lime and alum water are recommended In I oat," he cultivates again and then weeds ; in 
doing this he uses hoe and hands, tak'mg out 
all weeds and from the hills all plants except 
from three to four in each. He does not get 
as large roots, but be gets a much larger yield 
per acre by raising iu hills, and he much pre¬ 
fers moderate-sized roots; they handle better 
and are not so coarse and woody as the very 
large ones.In harvesting he pulls by 
hand, and, having a leather mitten on his 
hand, twists the top off. throws four rows 
into a single row, and from these throws di¬ 
rectly* into the wagon. At cellar they are 
thrown on a rack or riddle, made of strips two 
inches wide placed one and a half inch epart 
lengthwise; this is about eight feet long and 
one end is placed on wagon aud the other on 
window or trap to cellar, and by roiling down 
this the dirt is nearly all rattled off and falls to 
the ground through the openings between the 
strips. If not plenty of room in cellai to store 
crop, they must be pitted. Make pits on dry 
ground any length desired, and let the bottom 
be about five feet wide, and sunken a foot or 
more in thy soil if dry enough ; place the 
mangels in this as high as they can be made to 
lie easily; put on plenty of straw and cover 
one foot deep with earth ; place a ventilator 
consisting of a four-inch drain tile, or a box 
four inches square, into the top of the pit, 
every six feet, letting it project two or three 
inches above the dirt covering This will carry 
off all moisture from the mangels as they sea¬ 
son, and will keep them perfectly dry—a very 
important thing in keeping them well through 
the Winter. Before very co d weather, remove 
the ventilators, filling the holes with straw, 
and cover the heap a foot or more deep with 
coarse straw manure; or in the absence of 
this, give another coat of straw and another 
foot of dirt. They must not be allowed to 
freeze if we would have them keep. 
Skippers or worms found in hams and bacon 
are the lan se of some kind of an insect, says 
the Sun. Usually they are the grubs of the 
bacon beetle, a dark-colored beetle, about a 
quarter of an inch or a little more in length, 
with a whitish band across the back. Now. as 
the female beetle must get to the meat in order 
to deoosit her eggs, it is quite evident that if 
she is kept out there will be no skippers iu the 
meat. The same is true of other insects in¬ 
festing meat, and this simple preventive is to 
keep the meat wrapped in he.a\y paper and 
limt-coated cloth, through whieh the insects 
canuot find a passage. Tight boxes, barrels, 
or even a moderately tight smoke-bonse, will 
usually answer, having a flue wire screen over 
the ventilator or chimney. The sugar-cured 
hams found in our markets are first wrapped 
with brown paper, then inclosed in cloth bags 
and these painted with yellow-ochre or some 
similar cheap paint. None of the meat-infest¬ 
ing insects can get at these hams when sur¬ 
rounded with such material-i. Rusting of bacon 
is caused by exposure to the air, or perhaps 
moisture, air and heat. It should be put in 
tight boxes and in a cool, dry place, and there 
will be no trouble with rust. 
Says the Live Stuck Journal of London : 
" It is not a little startling to fiud thut whilst 
we have been making reeeut outcries against 
the importations into this country of oleomar¬ 
garine, butterine, and other villainous com¬ 
pounds, which are palmed off as Irish and 
English daiiy produce, establishments for the 
manufacture of these same articles are spring¬ 
ing up in our midst.” 
Quite recently harvesters using cord for 
binding have been invented and are now 
taking the lead, and are preferred to those 
using the wire. The change from wire to cord 
has created a new and very laige demand for 
the latter article, and the Prairie Farmer esti¬ 
mates that during the present year no less than 
5,000 tons of cord wul be required lor binding 
grain alone and by L8S5 notices thau 40,000 tons 
will be needed to supply the demand. Where 
all this is to come from, and out of what kind 
of fiber it is to be constructed, are questions 
which remain to be answered. 
Another Land of Promise —This time it 
is not in Manitoba, or in some far off region 
difficult to reach or explore, but in the old 
State of Massachusetts, remarks the Inter- 
Ocean. An English farmer, who has resided 
several years in Massachusetss, writes home 
that there is room for thousands more of good 
farmers in the Biy State, where they can, by 
judicious investments and managementof their 
laud, secure double what is possible in Eng¬ 
land, He says land can be obtained at from 
$5 to £25 per acre, and on credit, if desired. 
Gooseberries, says the Gardeners’ Chron¬ 
icle (London), are, as a rule, vapid and in¬ 
flated, and that is one reason for the objection 
raised in certain quarters to gooseberry shows 
aud kindred di-pl-.yj, which teud to foster q ial- 
ities which it is not desirable to encourage, at 
least at the ■rpense of other more valuable 
properties. A good crop of gooseberries of 
moderate -ize aud superior flavor wouid, with 
most people, be far more acceptable than a 
bushel of " Thumpers '* and " Roaring Lions.’’ 
