414 
JUNE 48 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
^tailing for tbr |?oitng. 
FARMING FOR BOY8 AND GIRLS—NO. 25 . 
HENRY STEWART. 
Nutrition of Aniinala. 
When the food has been completely digested In 
the stomach aod the upper portion or the bowels, 
It passes into the smaller intestines, where a part 
or It la taken up Into the svstem and la convert¬ 
ed Into blood. The rood, which has become a 
liquid substance, something like cream, Is absorbed 
by a quantity or small, short tubes, touch like 
short pieces or thread, hanging In the Intestines 
These are known as villi. They convey the food 
Into a system ot veins or vessels called lacteals, 
which lead It through numerous small glands, 
where It is further changed, and finally convey It 
to a large vein, from which It pours Into a large 
blood vessel tn the chest and goes to the heart; the 
heart, by its pulsations, forces the newly-made 
blood to all portions of the budy, w here It Is used 
to form flesh, oono. fat. uud all the tissues ot the 
body. A part of the food does not take this course, 
but enters the veins of the Intestines through their 
walla, and mixes directly with the hlood and goes 
with It to the Uver. What happens to this part ot 
the blood in the Itver we do not fully know; doubt¬ 
less part of It Is changed luto bile, which is formed 
in the liver and which is poured from It into the 
intestines to assist lo the digestion ot the food. 
The liver is the most Important organ of the whole 
system ot nutrition; It is very easily disturbed If 
anytning la wrong with the food, and when It Is 
out of order very serious diseases affect the 
animal. 
The process ot nutrition not only provides new 
blood, but It must convey Into the system those 
substances which the blood requires for Its forma¬ 
tion, and neither less ot these than the blood re¬ 
quires nor any more; otherwise In the one case the 
blood is not able to support life, and in the other it 
is made impure, and the animal becomes sick and 
diseased. Thus if an animal's food has too much of 
any onesubstanoe in lt,Uie health suffers very soon. 
Thero are fltteen single substances which are 
needed to malutaln an animal in good health. 
These are, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, 
chlorine, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon, potassium, 
sodium, calcium (lime), magnesium, Iron and man¬ 
ganese. Oxygen and hydrogen form water of 
which three fourths of the bedy are composed; 
carbon forms one-half of the mass ot dried flesh; 
nitrogen exists in the flesh, bones and hair; chlo¬ 
rine with sodium, In the form of common salt, is 
found In all I he secretions; sulphur exists in the 
hair, wool, flesh, the saliva and the bile; phospho¬ 
rus combined with lime tortus nearly halt tuc sub¬ 
stance or the booea ; it ts also found In the brain 
and the nervous system ; silicon exists In small 
quantity in the bones; potassium la contained in 
the blood, flash and milk; magnesium is found In 
the bones and t he blood ; Iron forms a necesssary 
part of the blood and gives to it. Its color, and 
manganese is found In hair. 
Now If any one of these substances is wanting in 
the food tne whole system of nutrition falls; just 
as If we should lake a link from a chain, or a stone 
from an arch these would fall. Every one Is of 
absolute Importance and this la a point to be con¬ 
sidered in choosing the food of an animal; another 
point to be considered Is that the food must be 
chosen so that there should not be too large a 
quantity of any of these substances In the food. 
For if there should be, food Is wasted or the sys¬ 
tem Is disordered and disease results Tf an ani¬ 
mal Is fed on oil or sugar or corn there Is too much 
carbon glveu; If on pee. or beans, there Is too 
much nitrogen: an excess ot -’inhur, phosphorus 
salt or potassium kills by poisoning ; but In gener¬ 
al if but a small excess Is given of any of these 
substances It. Is carried off from the Bystem with 
the undigested part of the food In the dung or 
urine, or is thrown off In the breath, or by the 
1 ersplratlon, or is stored up In the tissues in the 
form of fat or other products. This fact Is turned 
to good account by farmers In feeding animals for 
making meat, or butter, or milk; or for making a 
supply of richer manure to fertilize the fleldB The 
wnole subject of animal nutrition la one of the 
most wonderful with which we can make ourselves 
acquainted and well deserves a careful study, 
not only for Its surpassing Interest, but because 
much of the farmer's profit Is closely connected 
with It. 
^ » > — 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Dear Uncle Mark and Cousins.—I wish to 
join your Horticultural Club. Papa takes the 
Rural New-Yorker aod I am much interested in 
the Cousin’s department. 1 was born, aDd lived 
In the city of Clinton, la., until last year, when 
Papa bought this rarm and moved on It. We call 
It Fern Hill Farm. Papa has given me a small plot 
of ground and says l may plant what I please In 
It. I am ten years old, and go one mile to a school, 
which my sister teaches. 1 am as ever your 
niece. Grace Buck. 
Prescott, Adams Co., Iowa. 
Dear Uncle Mark I wrote you last Summer 
of the loss of our little boy, WtgUt (I suppose you 
did not receive the letter). He was thrown from 
a running horse, struck his head against a rock, 
causing concussion of the brain. He always read 
the cousins’ letters with great Interest, and was 
very proud of being a member of your club. The 
seed you sent this Spring we have planted and will 
take great care of for his sake, and feel thankful 
to you for remembering him. Yours, 
Mrs. Bingham. 
Illisrcllancous. 
A GREAT AMERICAN MANUFACTURE. 
Four years ago an English guest at a gentle¬ 
man’s residence in Newton, Mass,, could not for¬ 
get his hobby-horse. He plDed in health for Its 
exercise; he pined In spirit for Its diversion and 
for its complete conveyance. He sought out one 
skilled in wheel craft, and got awheel made at a 
cost of $513. This English guest became hts host’s 
preceptor in August, 1817, and really founded the 
manufacture of the modern bicycle in the United 
States. He Interested Uls host. col. Albert A. 
Pope, not only in the machine but in the use ot it 
and construction ot It, and gave him such accounts 
of the then ten-year old manufacture of It In Eng¬ 
land, that he conceived the idea of becoming the 
pioneer ot anew industry, in 1878 Col. Pope vis¬ 
ited England, aud personally observed the styles 
and methods of manufacture and the development 
of the use of bicycles, and satisfied himself that, the 
enterprise was one which might be ventured upon 
In America. Upon hts return to America Ue 
formed the Pope Manufacturing Co., and Induced 
the Weed Sewing Machine Co., of Hartford, conn., 
to Join the enterprise. A portion of tnelr works 
was set apart for «Us business, and the constantly 
increased demand and sales of the bicycles soon in¬ 
duced t hem to enlarge their works, and to-day the 
Pope Manufacturing Co. stands second to no other 
manufactury tn turn country. 
The “Columbia,” a cut of which is here shown, 
was brought out in 1890, and has already become 
one of the most popular bicycles In use. 
As before stated, the manufactory Is located at 
nartford, Conn., but their principal offices are In 
Boston, Mass, where they occupy an elegant 
building at 597 and 599 Washington street, two 
entire stories being fltted up expressly for their 
use 
The company have local agencies hi over 200 
cities aud towns of this country, and during the 
past three years they have made and sold thou- 
sands ot bicycles to the different classes ot pro¬ 
fessional and business men. Doctors, merchants, 
Btudents, professors, and In fact all who have used 
them seem to agree In pronouncing them one of 
the moat effectual and exhilarating means of ex¬ 
ercise now in use. 0 . b. b. 
[New York Spirit of the Times.] 
Equine Inquiries. 
A WORD FOR THE HORSE. 
The “ Cracks ” of the Queen City. 
[Cincinnati correspondence.] 
Our sporting fraternity throughout the whole 
country, as all know, have their semi-annual meet¬ 
ings on the turf. Whether they meet along the 
rock-bound coast of New England, and tread a 
track so close beside the snowy beach that the 
ruuBlo of the hoof-tread commingles with the music 
ot the surf, or whether they transport themselves 
to Kentucky'8 pleasant hills and valleys, ’tls the 
same. The horse will bo tholr theme. And “ the 
home "will be at all times and places a flttlDg 
subject to discuss. Themajnwho loves his horse 
loves his mend, and vice versa. 
Whenever we meet with a man who will bestow 
proper kindness, food and care upon his horse, 
there we have found a man who, in time of need, 
will be true to his fellow-man, and consequently a 
true man. The laws of association, strong in man, 
are likewise strong in the norse. And tne latter 
full well knows the hand that smites It harshly or 
the one that strokes It lightly, and tends to its 
sores and bruises, A curious Instance of sagacliy 
in the horse occurred recently in the BtableB of 
Mr. A. Toughman, situated on North Elm Street. 
Mr. T. has lor a longtime been in the habit ot using 
St. Jacob3 oil, the Great German Remedy, tn his 
extensive BtableB. Among Mr. T.’s many horses 
Is a great, powerful Canadian draught horse. This 
animal in course ot time got so that he knew the 
st. Jacobs OH bottle very well, so well, in fact, 
that one day recently, on Mr, T.’s return from 
business, npon entering the stable he caught him 
licking the sore shoulder of a beast, who stood be¬ 
side him; the animal, giving a wise survey to his 
licking work, turned his head, caught up in Ills 
teeth from the box used as its receptacle a bottle 
of St. Jacobs Oil. He threw the bottle on the floor 
with violence enough to break It, and tnen delib¬ 
erately licked up the St. Jacobs Oil and applied It 
to the cut. Readers, we have seen the laws of as¬ 
sociation belled by beings with less sense than 
Toughman a horse. The word has passed among 
us, and when we see a man wno won't try tne Oil 
we say. " He’s worse than Tougnman’s horse.” 
How many thousands there are beside Mr. T. 
and his horse who do use St. J acoba Oil I There 
Is, lor instance, B. Meariz, In Cincinnati, on Flum 
Street, J uat opposite the City Build! ngs, who always 
keeps a supply of the beat horses and-St. Jacobs 
OH In ease of necessity. Tnat gentleman says It Is 
the beat remedy ever used in a stable. He told us 
this In a conversational way recently, and the 
gentleman’B word is away above doubt. 
In Cincinnati, living at No. 18 Woodward Street, 
may be found air. Michael Kelly, boss drayman, 
'mi:-' gentleman, lu reply to our Inquiry as to 
Whether he Used St. Jacoos Oil, said : 
•• 1 would not try to do without St. Jacobs Oil. 
I could not do it. Draught horses, like livery 
horses, receive bo many bruises, cuts, sores, &o., 
that, in my opinion, no sensible man will try to do 
without ;sc. Jacobs oil. Say for me that 1 have 
used it a great many limes, and have always 
lound It the very best remedy in use lor horses. 
By the way 1 have used the oil lu my family on 
uevt ral occasions, and had 1 the Ume to-day, I 
would like to tell you of Its effects. You know my 
traiu-Ume is up; but be sure and call on me aga in 
some day.” 
Telling mat courteous gentleman that in future 
we would be pleased lo call on him we bode Ulm 
good-day aud turned our own horses—which by 
the way, know me good of St. Jacob* Oil - toward 
the Reaomg road, thence 10 Montgomery pike, to 
me palatial home and stables of cape. George K. 
Howell. Alter a friendly chat, a sumptuous din¬ 
ner aud a flue drive, me Captain laid nlmself out 
for borne-talk. bald the Cap min: 
“ Little Elk, me lour-y ear-oid mare which you 
saw In my stall, is my favorite. I regard ner as 
a wonderful reauirectlon. About a year ago, and 
just alter my mare had made her 2 . 19^4 record, 
sue took a very aggravated case of rheumatism, 
either coming down the sound or going up me 
Hudson l iver, She had more red flannel around her 
legs man would have made ahtrla for all the ool- 
oreu boys handling her. 1 had given up all hopes. 
1 never expected to see her on me turf agalu. one 
day a celebrated Irish trainer and driver looked 
at my mare. ‘ cap,’ said he, * why do y ou not cure 
your marc? She has got the rheumatism.' ‘Can 
you cure ner ?’ l asked. • 1 will cure her in a week 
if you will let me nave my way/ he replied. 1 told 
him to take her lu hand. I knew she could not be 
worse; I never expected to see her better.” The 
Captain paused a long while, and the changed 
expression on Ids countenance would make Sc. 
Jacob smile, as, rising to his feet, me captain said: 
** Wny, hang me if my mare was not driven in 
three days, and all tnrough 8 t. Jacobs Oil, the 
Great, German nemedy. so Jacobsun, my mend, 
brought, about a resurrection.” “ Then, Captain,” 
said l, •• tiuthtully and fairly, St. Jacobs Oil Is me 
wonder, is it not?” "You are right,” said the 
Captain 
Being In the neighborhood of Chester Park, Cln- 
clunau's beauilfui driving grounds, upon which 
have appeared moat, It not. all or the great horses 
of me uay, It occurred to me, knowing mat prepa¬ 
rations were being made for the coming spring trot, 
tn enter. We did so; aud were soon in conversa¬ 
tion whli me jusGy celebrated William W. Bair, 
me best known horseman lu me United States, a 
gentleman w. o brougniout "Maud s,” owned by 
william H. Vanderbilt; “ KatieMiTdleton,’’owned 
by It C. Fain; •• at. Juliau,” and several more 01 the 
very best horses In the country. KaHl wo to Mr. 
Bair: "in tho management of horscB, Mr Bair, 
must not a trainer possess veterinary knowledge, 
and kLOw what to prescribe for their ailments v” 
Air. Bair replied: “ The horse has had In the past 
os varied forms of treatment as man. Now, wnen 
tne norse is aflllcteil with such ailments as stiff¬ 
ness, bruises, cuts, etc., there is but one article 
that should be used, and that la St. Jacob’s Oil, me 
Great German Remedy, l know' all about horses, 
have applied several remedies, aud can say with¬ 
out tear or contradiction, that St. Jacobs Oil is the 
only remedy lo be relied on.” Mr. Bair being very 
busy, the scribe bade that courteous gentleman 
auieu, and drove away. 
Having regamed me city we drove up ; Court 
Street, and reined up at me well-known fruit Btore 
of Mr. William Carroll, a gentleman who handles 
great quantities of Imported and domestic fruits 
of all kinds, and of the best quality; stopping to 
make some purchases from Mr. Carroll’s tempting 
stock, that gentleman, throwing t he eye of a con¬ 
noisseur on the horses. Immediately fell to •• talk¬ 
ing horse.” After praising our team, which we 
flutter ourselves is a pretty good one, thanks to st. 
Jacob, he, with Ihe honest pride of proprietorship, 
Invited us back to inspect hts stables. Of course 
we could not refuse and indeed It wrb a treat to 
enter so neatly kept and commodious a hotel du 
chevat. Mr. Carroll, In a manner which showed 
that gentleman's familiarity with the subject, 
showed us *' me points ” of his stock. " Mr. car- 
roll,” asked tho writer, “ have you over had occa¬ 
sion tn doctor horses ?” Said that,gentleman: “ My 
dear sir. although you now see before yon some 
fine horses, from the horse which la driven lu my 
delivery wagou to the stud driven by my son, and 
which by the way Isa B:3U roadster, yet r have had 
an Immense amount or trouble with them; what 
from rheumatism to the simplest form of cut or 
bruise, there la not an ailment which I believe they 
have not had—ringbone, spavin; why, tn fact, I 
really believe, everything they oould have. I 
spent hundreds of dollars lu veterinary surgeons’ 
bills, which was money thrown away. There 
Is a rem> dy, though, upon which T nit, by mi re 
chance, but upon which t will wager forever. 
It la St Jacobs OIL, the Great German Remedy— 
the greatest remedy in the world It. cured my 
horses every time it was applied. “ Here,” said the 
gentle mao, “ Is where 1 keep St. Jaoob; you see I 
guard him Jealously.” Mr. Carroll hereupon open¬ 
ed for my inspection a closet, aud arranged along 
the shelf the writer saw several bott les of St. Ja¬ 
cobson. said we, examining otie or the bottles: 
“ I>o you flna It an expensive remedy, Atr. car- 
roll?’ 1 •' Expensiveexclaimed he. ** Why, had 
I known of it (wo years ago, It would have saved 
me hundreds of dollars; It costs a mere nothing— 
fifty cents per bottle; and each bottle will do more 
good thin L70 worth of their so-uullcd surgery.” 
With inis we left the stable, and bidding Mr. Car- 
roll good evening, we departed Driving up Court 
street, to John, wo turned southward on John to 
our own stables Just, as we reached the corner 
ot John and Eighth streets, we perceived our 
amiable and learned friend, Dr. F. F. Haley, about 
to seat blmsett behind his magnificent gray to take 
hts usual evening drive. Arnr exchanging the 
usual compliments with this distinguished physi¬ 
cian. politician and scholar, we said • 
** Doctor, that Is a rather fine horse you drive.” 
“Oh, yes,” replied that gentleman, "he Is In¬ 
deed flue. But lie Is Just out or a severe attack of 
rheumatism now, and 1 muat curb him for awhile. 
L us a physician, ought scarcely to praise a pro¬ 
prietary medicine, and would uot probably recom¬ 
mend their use among my patients; but I must 
say lor that best known of all medicines, St. Ja¬ 
cobs oil, the Great German Remedy, that It cured 
my horse, and cornu quently 1 must praise It.” 
Here the Doctor laugued heartily, and, with a 
pleasant " Good evening," we parted. 
We wish to say to those of our readers who do 
not know the- Doctor—should there be any such, a 
fact which we very much doubt-that he Is the 
Ex-Coroner of H&miltoo county, which every Cin¬ 
cinnatian knows, and that he Is a scholarly physi¬ 
cian, which fact everybody should know Politi¬ 
cally, the Doetor’s reputation extends we believe, 
as far as St. Jacobs Oil Is known, and that Is from 
Maine to Cal I forma, from tne lakes to the Gulf. 
After leaving the Doctor wo hud hot far to go to 
reach our own stables, and putting away our hor¬ 
ses. we asked ourselves as we waicheo the groom 
handle them, whether we had derived the more 
pleasure from the ride or fiom the Information. 
We unhesliatlogly answered In favor or the infor¬ 
mation and good news we heard concerning St. 
Jacobs Oil. 
CARPETS. 
MOQUETTE CARPETS. — We 
have just placed on sale 300 pieces 
American Moquette Carpets at the low 
price of $1.40 per yard—the cheapest 
carpets ever offered. They cannot be 
had elsewhere in the city. 
WILTON CARTISTS at $2.25, 
full five-frame, aDd equal in quality to 
anything offered in this market at $2.75 
or $3 per yard. 
AXMINSTER and MOQUETTE 
CarpetB from $1.50 to $2.50. 
Best BOI>Y BRUSSELS Carpets, 
$1.25, $1.40, $1.50 and $1. GO—the latter 
for the choicest patterns. 
TAPESTRY CARPETS.—Hav¬ 
ing exhausted our first offering of 75 
cent Tapestry Carpets, we have placed on 
sale for a few days, another lot of the 
SAME GOODS at the SAME LOW 
PRICE. These goods are equal to 
those sold elsewhere at 90 cents and $1. 
We have other goods varying in price 
up to $1.15. 
We have also on exhibition a superior 
TAPESTRY CARPET, equal in 
Texture and Quality to anything made 
either hore or in Europe. 
INGRAINS—We have of the best 
Extra Superior Grade a very full line 
from 75 cts. to 90 cts. per yard. Also, 
a line a grade lower at 65 ots. to 75 cts. 
—ail wool. 
Persons in want of CARPETS will 
do well to call on us before purchasing. 
Every Carpet is warranted as repre¬ 
sented. Full satisfaction guaranteed or 
the money refunded. 
J. & J.DOBSOM, 
CARPET MANUFACTURERS, 
40 and 42 WEST I4th ST., NEW YORK. 
John Van Gaasbeek, Manager. 
