JULY 23 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
485 
633. G W. Miller’s Pare Ground Bone, made 
by G. W. Miller, Middiefield. The above were 
sampled and sent by E P. Angur, Middiefield. 
630 apparently contains considerable tank¬ 
age. 
631 contains some hair. 
Chemical Analyse# and Valuation#. 
rent Insect in the backs of neat cattle. Larrss 
are produced from the eggs; and the larvm 
usually pass to the chrysalid state while in the 
adipose tissue of the ox or cow. The chrysa¬ 
lides are transformed, while in the backs of 
the cattle, into ■ties, which, when fully devel¬ 
oped. emerge from their cells in the backs of 
neat cattle, mount their wlugB and soar away. 
Than, while In this stage of Insect transforma¬ 
tion, the males and females pair, after which 
the females oviposit their eggs in the backs 
of cattle, and then die. The foregoing are sci¬ 
entific foots which cannot be controverted. 
The remedy advocated bv the writer of the 
article above referred to, appears all right on 
truth and correct representations rather than 
error, I trust that no one will feel aggrieved at 
a friendly criticism. I have been practically 
familiar with the transformations and opera¬ 
tions of the gad-fly for more than 50 years. 
When I was accustomed to yoke calves and 
young steers and hitch them to my hand- 
sleigb, my father explained to me all about the 
gad-fly, and during the 40 years past I have 
been familiar with the movements of the pa¬ 
rent Insect, the larvae and the chrysalides, and 
also with the efforts and means employed to 
exterminate the troublesome pest. 
The gad-fly is propagated In the following 
mannerDuring the Summer months a large 
The produce of the Hereford is always a Here¬ 
ford, and of Hereford quality ; and this ques¬ 
tion should not be accepted because Hereford 
breeders claim It \ neither Bhould it be passed 
with the feeling that these are partisan views; 
for there is enough in the present and past 
hiBtory of this breed to warrant one in investi¬ 
gating these claims. If there is 25 per cent, 
more economy in feeding Herefordsthan there 
Is in feeding any other breed, then there is a 
way for every New York farmer and every 
New England farmer to make his farming op¬ 
erations pay him a profit, to give him a pleas¬ 
ant employment and an outlook that will 
make it desirable for his son to bold the farm. 
And beyond this, if there is a market value of 
10 per cent- for Hereford over Short-horn beef, 
there Is a home market within 25 miles for 
every bullock that can be raised in New York 
and New England. 
One other point — these bullocks can be 
turned off when 16 months old, weighing from 
1,000 to 1,400 pounds, live weight, and of a 
quality that will command top prices; and at 
80 months they will weigh from 1,500 to 1 800 
pounds. The value per head any dealer can 
compute. 
Will Co., HI. 
NUrocen... 
Soluble pUOB. acid........ 
Reverted “ . 
Insoluble " ....... 
Potash. 
Chlorine . .... 
Estimated value per ton 
Coat per ton . 
Nitrogen . 
Soluble phoB. acid. 
Reverted “ . 
Insoluble “ . 
Potash. 
Chlorine. 
Estimated value per ton 
Coat per ton. 
Mechanical Analysis of 632 
Mussel Bed Deposit. 
617. From Maine; brought to Station by 
Wm. Rimer. Jr., of Warren, R. I. A useful 
fertilizer but not one that will warrant much 
cost of transportation. 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS 
Guernsey Cow, Lady Jane No, 2. 
Of late Gaernsey cattle are winning a high 
reputation wherever they are known in this 
country, chiefly in New Egland, New York and 
Pennsylvania. In comparison with their 
neighbors from Jersey, the Guernseys are 
much larger and hardier; make better beef 
carcasses when turned off for the butcher; are 
able to endure rougher weather and shift for 
themselves better, while the bullocks make 
strong and excellent draft animals, a purpose 
for which their more delicate rivals are en¬ 
tirely unsuitable. The calves, too, are large 
at birth and make heavy veals when about a 
month and a half old. The milking capacity 
of the Guernsey cow is fully as great as that of 
the average Jersey, and the milk is usually as 
rich in butter, which in color is of even a 
deeper golden yellow. Gaernsey grades are 
remarkably like their pure-bred ancestors both 
in color, *■ handling ” and tneir milking as well 
as feeding capacity. In England Guernseys are 
quite numerous and have long been great favor¬ 
ites, and large exhibits of them are made at the 
principal fairs every year. One of the chief 
shows of this sort Is that of the Bath and West 
of England Agricultural Society, which was 
held the other day at Tunbridge Wells, a fash¬ 
ionable watering-place on the borders of Kent 
and Sussex. The accompanying excellent 
likeness of “Lady Jane No. 2,” re-engraved 
from the Agricultural Gazette (Eng ), is that 
of the flr6t prize winner in her class at this 
fair. As will be readily seen, it represents an 
admirably formed animal—the beau ideal of a 
dairy cow. 
Water.----•■**. 
Sand and Insoluble. 
•OrKanio matter . 
Alumina and Oxide of Iron. 
Lima.-.. 
Alavnesia... 
Potash. 
Soda.. . 
Sulphuric acid . 
WioBehoric acid . 
Carbonic acid, chlorine and loss 
GUERNSEY COW, LADY JANE 
• Containing nitrogen u.144. 
Correction —The market price of Mapes 
Superphosphate (ExportBrand), No 615 pub¬ 
lished in Bulletin No. 63 was incorrectly re¬ 
ported to the StatioB. It should be $37 instead 
of $34. S. W. Johnson, Director. 
paper—pressing the grubs out of their holes 
on the animal’s back in Winter with the thumb 
or two thumbs, and either killing them or leav¬ 
ing them on the ground to freeze—but after he 
has handled as many neat cattle as I have he 
will understand that it is not true that in 
the Winter the grubB may easily be pressed out 
in this way. (I know cyclopedias say so. A 
distinguished writer on the horBe stales, in a 
famous cyclopedia, that the mare always 
drops her foal while she is standing ) 
The cheapest and most effectual remedy is to 
provide a rough rubbing or scratching pole for 
cattle. Then, as soon as an insect, whether it 
is the larval, chrysalid or fly transformation, 
begins to emerge from the back of an animal 
it will be crushed. If cattle are properly card¬ 
ed, every insect, as soon as it thrusts its head 
above the surface of the skin, will be lacera¬ 
ted by the teeth of the card. As soon as the 
grub or the parent Insect has bored a passage 
up through the skin, the irritation will prompt 
the animal to scratch the irritated part of the 
body. Then, if a good rubbing pole has been 
provided, not a Bingle insect will ever escape 
to oviposit eggs in the backs of other animals. 
I would recommend the above writer to exam¬ 
ine the “ bumps,” aa he calls them, before the 
insects have worked a passage through the 
skin, and then report to the Rural whether he 
found it an easy thing to squeeze the grubs 
out with his thumbs. I have often taken a 
glover’s needle (a needle having a triangular 
point) and thrust the point through the skin 
down into the grubs, or larvae. The needle 
will kill every one it enters. But a good 
rut biDg pole ia preferable to any other means. 
To make such a rubbing pole, place one end 
of a long and heavy pole on the top of a post 
about five feet high, set firmly in the ground, 
and pin it fast. Let the other end rest on 
another post, two feet high, and pin it se¬ 
curely to the post. Neat cattle of high or 
low stature can pass beneath this heavy.pole, 
adjusting themselves to the inclination of the 
pole. Animals that have unrestrained access 
to such a pole will never be troubled with the 
warbles, or with the anti-phrenological bumps 
to which our friend alludes on page 53. 
fly, that annoys neat cattle exceedingly, darts 
down on the backs of the helpless animals 
when they are resting quietly iu the shade, and 
also while they are eagerly grazing in the open 
field, and while clinging Becurely to the h air. 
the enemy thrusts her keen-edged lancet 
through the tough integument on the back of 
an ox or cow, until the ovipositor can place an 
egg in the soft adipose tissue directly beneath 
the tough skin. The puncture made by the 
sharp instrument of the fly closes as soon as 
the ovipositor Is withdrawn, and the little 
wound heals In a day or two, so that the egg 
of the gad fly is placed securely beyond the 
reach of any injury incident to rubbing or se¬ 
vere pressure on the surface of the body. A 
cotnmon opinion Is that the eggs stick to the 
hairs of the animals, and that after hatching 
the insects eat their way into the skin. That 
will not do for one ambitious to be considered 
au entomologist. The warmth aDd moisture 
of the tissue beneath the skin cause the egg to 
hatch in process of time. An egg never would 
hatch on the back of a bullock or cow while 
clinging to the hair, and if it were to hatch, 
the little tender larva would be crushed forty 
times before it could bore a passage through 
the tough hide. 
No one has ever been able to determine how 
long a period elapBes before the egg hatches, 
neither has any entomologist learned howloDg 
the insect lives in the larval state, or how 
many days, weeks or months are passed in the 
pupa or chrysalid state. Yet we do know 
that the eggB which have been oviposited be¬ 
neath the skin of the ox or cow yield each 
a larva, or grub, which subsists on the adi¬ 
pose tissue, or fat of the animal, all through 
the larval Btage of transformation. Then, as 
soon as the larvae have attained their fall 
growth, they pass into the chrysalid state, 
where they remain secure from all harm dur¬ 
ing the Winter. There is no orifice in the 
skin through which air may enter to sustain 
the life of the tender grub. The larvae of the 
gad-fly do not require fresh air any more than 
trichiBee in the flesh of swine. 
After the Winter has passed and when the 
warm weather has come on, the chrysalid 
commences the natural transformation to the 
parent-insect state. After the chrysalid has 
become a Jly, which is the parent insect, the 
fly gnaws and nibbles a passage np through 
the skin of the ox or cow, where it remains 
until it ia fully developed. In many instances, 
when the eggs have been oviposited early in 
the Summer, the larvse will become so large 
that they will wriggle and work and gnaw clear 
up through the tough hide, even before they 
have been transformed ioto chrysalides, and 
sometimes such premature larvm actually 
wriggle out of the backs of the animals and 
tumble to the ground. But all such grubB, or 
larv®, perish or are devoured by the birds 
The larv® of the gad-fly never pass the trans¬ 
formation ia the ground or on the surface of 
the ground. The writer of the article on page 
53 is fearfully enveloped in numerous errors 
touching the manner of transformation of the 
gad fly. The backs of cattle constitute the 
natural habitat of this insect. The parent in¬ 
sect spends its existence wholly In the open 
air. 
The transformations of the gad-fly occur as 
follows -.—The eggs are oviposited by the pa- 
ILL WEED8 
W. G. WARING. SR, 
III weeds grow apace. All farmers and 
gardeners learn, among their very first and 
plainest experiences, what prime necessity 
there is for care that neither the seed to be 
sown nor the manure to be used with it shall 
contain any germs of tares. For to prevent 
them is by far easier and safer than to pluck 
them out. after they have already absorbed the 
ready strength of the soil and weakened the 
plants we value, by their shade and their vorac¬ 
ity. 
In the moral garden of humau community 
the same care is requisite. The more it is 
manured and stimulated with the salts of civil- 
izition the more weeds are apt to flourish and 
destroy all near to them. It is said of the 
county of Potter, Pa. that railroads have not 
penetrated it yet, nor are there any very large 
towns, and no licenses to sell liquor have been 
granted since 1852. In more than half the 
townships no poor-tax at all is levied or requi¬ 
site. The jail ha6 seldom an occupant. Of 
the three jury courts held last year all ad¬ 
journed before the close of the first week. 
Where these lines are written there is a very 
different condition of society—nothing like 
sleepiness or stagnation, but a whirl of stir and 
fever. Good schools for the young; but all the 
attractiveness of pleasant teachers, well kept, 
handsomely fitted rooms, pictures, maps, ob - 
ject lessons and illustrative apparatus—all do 
not equal the attractions of the stirring streets. 
Our school directors, justly proud of their 
schools, ruled that none of the children should 
ever be broken in spirit by the use of King 
Solomon’s instrument of correction, but on 
proving refractory should be sent out of 
school— 11 suspended.” This takes out of the 
schools the youth who above all others need 
the school’s saving influences. The suspended 
children are apt to have Imprudent or negli¬ 
gent, if not depraved, parents. They are suf¬ 
fered to roam the Btreets. After school they 
tell and describe to the school-goers all that 
they have learned or seen of wild and vicious 
conduct, and soon there are two opposing 
schools, one of which has the advantage (to 
itself) of being on a down-grade. No parent 
sees or hears or knows what Infection of 
vicious thoughts and tendencies, and what de¬ 
sire for false pleasures and exciting sights 
their children derive from the contamination 
of the flock by suspended members. 
These moral influences are like the seeds we 
sow in our gaidens iu the opening days of 
Spring. If not sown then, and duly cared for, 
and protected from weeds beside, they fail. 
There are other virtues—those of economy and 
thrift—which do not vegetate so early, but may 
Jeraey Queen of Vermont. 
The Rural published a portrait of this re¬ 
markable cow some time since. Recently her 
owner, Josiah Kenerson of Barnet, has sent 
me some reports of her butter yield that are 
noteworthy. From May 20th to June 1st, (12 
days) she gave 485 pounds of milk that made 
20 pouuds and 7}4 ounces of butter. June 1st 
to July 1st (80 days) 1,896 pounds of milk that 
made 80 pounds and 6$ ounces of butter; or, 
for the whole time, (42 days) 1,881 pounds of 
milk, yielding 100 pouuds and 14 ounces of 
butter. The leed was not reported, and I can¬ 
not state whether there was auy preparation 
or “ fixing up ” for this trial or not. 8he was 
at pasture, and I presume she had some grain 
feed in addition, But a cow that even by 
*• fixing up ” will average nearly 2J pounds of 
butter during a test of 42 days is *' no slouch.” 
Orleans Co., Vt, t. h h. 
Remedies Tor “ Warbles’’ and Warts on Cattle. 
W. F. K. writes from Clinton, La., that an 
effectual remedy for “ warbles " or “ wolves ” 
on cattle is to drop from eight to ten drops of 
turpentine into the hole of each, which will 
kill the pests in from 24 to 48 hours without 
causing any pain to the animal. To cure 
warts on cattle he recommends equal parts of 
common cooking soda and lard, well mixed 
and thoroughly rubbed in. By this means a 
complete cure is painlessly effected in from 
three to four weeks. 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERI 
MENT STATION. 
BULLETIN NO. 65, JUNK 33, 1881 
Fertiliser Analyses. 
633. G. W. Miller's Raw Bone Superphos¬ 
phate, made and 6old by G. W. Miller, Middle- 
field. Sample drawn by E. P. Augur. 
634. Dissolved Bone Black, made by Bowker 
Fertilizer Co., Boston and New York. Sold by 
Henry D. Torrey, Putnam. 
685. Dissolved Bone Black, made by the 
Mapes F. & P. G. Co., 158 Front St., N. Y. 
Sampled from a set of experimental fertilizers. 
684 and 085 were sampled and sent by W. I. 
Bartholomew. Putnam. 
630. Dried Blood, made by Sperry & Barnes, 
New Haven. 
631. Dried Blood, made by Strong, Barnes, 
Hart & Co., New Haven. 
ABOUT THE CESTRUS B0VI8 
SERBNO EDWARDS TODD. 
In looking over back numbers of the Rural 
I came upon an article on the above pest in the 
issue of last January 22. p. 53. The writer 
thereof has reiterated several grave errors con¬ 
cerning the CE+trus bovis, or gad-fly. Much 
that is recorded in cyclopedias in regard to the 
gad-fly is wholly erroneous. As the Rural 
New-Yorker is desirous of publishing facts, 
