THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
JULY 23 
and should be sown at a later period. An ad¬ 
mirable move is being made in England in this 
direction. The great number of wrecked lives 
there makes the poor-rates a terrible burden on 
the industry of the country and the expenses of 
courts, ialls. etc. in addition are enormous. 
The wiser and better disposed of the poor 
have been led 5nto more careful habits by 
various societies for their encouragement and 
notably in the citieB by the late simple ar¬ 
rangement for post office savings banks. 
B00K8, CATALOGUES, ETC. 
Fertility. —A treatise of 70 page# by J. B. 
Lawes, Rothamsled, England, published by 
David Bogue, 8 St. Martin’s place, Trafalgar 
Square, London. W. C. The substance of this 
work appeared in late numbers of the Agricul¬ 
tural Gazette of England, from which, as our 
readers are aware, we have quoted freely. 
Third Appendix to the Fruit* and Fruit 
Trees of America. Second revision and cor¬ 
rection, with extensive additions, including 
the appendices of 1872 and 1876, and contain¬ 
ing many new varieties. Seventy-five pages. 
By Charles Downing. Now York, John Wiley 
& Sons, 15 Astor Place. 
Indiana Agricultural Reports for 1880. 
A handsome volume of 502 pages. Alex. 
Ileron, Sec., Indianapolis, lud. 
-- 
Good Farming. —It is one sign of a good 
farmer if he prizes manure. It does not re¬ 
quire a good farmer to raise bountiful crops 
on a farm already rich, bnt the art lies iu so 
managing the farm that it will produce good 
crops every year without loBiDg in fertility. 
A man may make money from hia farm while 
he is wasteful ol fertilizers, but he la not a 
goed farmer, for he is constantly running his 
land into debt. Good farming consists of such 
management as will make the farm produce 
the best, possible results without deteriorating 
the soil. This cau only be accomplished by ft 
rigid economy in the making and use of ma¬ 
nure, and a systematic rotation of crops that 
will be the least exhaustive to the soil. g. 
-- 
BUBAL BBIKFLKTB. 
Tite Rural New-Yorker, strong as its 
words of praise have been iu regard to a num¬ 
ber of the plants and seeds it has sent to sub¬ 
scribers, cannot be accused of exaggeration, 
or of even indulging too freely in the "flour¬ 
ishes” which in advertising projects are quietly 
over-looked by truth-tolling, right-minded 
people. The Cuthbert Raspberry may now be 
Judged, since it has been tried In almost every 
part of our country. The claim made In our 
Fair No. of 1879, which announced the Dis¬ 
tribution of '79 and '80, was that "it Is at once 
the highest flavored, largest, most prolific and 
hardy variety of red raspberry known.” The 
various opinions which have been expressed by 
leading fruit-growers everywhere have been 
placed before onr readers from time to time, 
and it may be questioned whether any new 
fruit has recived a greater unanimity of praise 
or so little censure. Now speaks our leading 
pomologlst, Charles Downing, in his Third 
Appendix (just published,) to the Frnits and 
Fruit Trees ol America: 
" A chance seedling in the garden of the 
late Thomas Cuthbert. Riverdale, N. Y. It Is 
said to be hardy, and is generally so. hut I have 
seen it morn or less killed in severe and 
changeable Winters, or when the canes were 
not. well ripened : it has so far proved a valu¬ 
able market variety, also one of the best for 
family use; It is very productive; canes 
strong, vigorous, uptight, sometimes branch¬ 
ing; spines, short, stout, purplish, rather nu¬ 
merous ; iL suckers freely, too much so for the 
benefit of the plant and fruit. 
Frnit medium to large, scarlet crimson, 
roundish, obtuse-conical; grains rather small, 
compact; separates freely from the stalk; 
flesh quite firm, juicy, sweet, sprightly, hav¬ 
ing a slight flavor of the common red, which, 
is probably one of its parents." 
The Italics are ours. Mr. Downing pro¬ 
nounces it the same as Queen of the Market, 
an opinion in which uil good pomologists agree 
except Judge Parry who first advertised the 
Cuthbert under that name. 
Speaking of the quality of the Niagara 
grape, Mr. Downing coincides with the opin¬ 
ion expressed by the Rural, though objected 
to hy a number of excellent judges, as rating, 
it too low : Mr. Downing says: 
"Flesh soft, tender, sweet, pleasant, and in 
quality about the same as Concord, and ripen¬ 
ing with it or soon after.”.. 
To onr view, Mr. Maivin’s " Word for Polled 
Cattle” in last week’s Rural, hits the nail 
squarely on the head. Horns are indeed deadly 
weapons rarely if ever needed by domesticated 
animals though frequently used to the greater 
or less injury of themselves and loss of their ( 
owners.... , 
We are pleased to learn that trees of the i 
Japan Maple, Acer palmatum (the species 
mostly used as stocks for the varieties and in 
itself a beautifully distinct maple), twelve feet 1 
in bight, growing in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, t 
(N. Y ), have not been injured by the past i 
Winter. We find also the following [note by t 
the editor, Prof. Thos. Meehan, in the current 
number of the Gardeners’ Monthly: 
Japan Maples— According to the Rural 
New-Yorker, the Japan maples tested on the 
grounds of the editor " have not proved hardy 
during the past Winter." In the vicinity of 
Philadelphia the numerous varieties show so 
much sameness of character that only one 
kind may be said to be popular—" Acer .Tap. 
atropurpureum,” os it is popularly called, or 
Japan Blood-leaved Maple. We have seen, 
perhaps, lour hundred of these this Spring 
without knowing of one to he injured. Pass¬ 
ing along in the street-cars through German¬ 
town, one may now see a pretty plant. Borne 
three feet high, on the gronuds of the editor of 
ibe Germaniown Telegraph, in full, healthy 
leaf, after total exposure all Winter. Oa the 
writer’s grounds is one five feet, also wholly 
uninjured, though standing alone ou a very 
exposed place on the lawn. We fancy the ex¬ 
perience noted by the Rural New-Yorker is 
exceptional. 
Wit at iu the world can induce agricultural 
papers to repeat nowadays that the mole is 
driven off by the Ricinus or Castor-oil plant ? 
The mole has no repugnance to this plant 
whatever. 
Samuel Kershaw, of Staten Island, has a 
full collection of the Japan Maples planted six 
years ago. Surprised at the report ol the in¬ 
jury they had sustained at the Rural Grounds, 
he called to say that not one or his varied col¬ 
lection was harmed in ihe least. Mr. Jlenshaw 
is a florist and uses the leaves for decorative 
purposes. Thus, he says, we get the hand¬ 
somest of Fall leaves In the Spring. 
Years ago, when we were crossing varie¬ 
gated and green-leaved pelargoniums (gera¬ 
niums), it happened in a number of eases, that 
while the leaves of the seedlings of such crosses 
were all green, cuttings from them would 
sooner or later develop variegated shoots. 
Such shoots are called, in familiar language, 
"sports.” Yet there can bo little doubt that 
they were due to the development of the blood 
of the variegated parent. We have little 
doubt that " sports ’’ of all kinds might be 
similarly traced, if they only conld be tiaced 
at all. A lesser potency, if It may be so ex¬ 
pressed, may He dormant for years before fa¬ 
vorable conditions occur for its development. 
A little party at the Rural Farm pro¬ 
nounced the Telephone peas the best, the 
sweetest, the most tender of any they had 
ever eaten. 
now to get a Full Milk Pail.—Wo as¬ 
sume that the cow is properly fed. Lacking 
this condition, no cow can milk as she ought, 
Bays the London Livestock Journal. But care¬ 
ful feeding seems to have but little influence on 
the milking properties of some cows ; they lay 
on flo6h instead. Yet, as they have first of all 
to live before they can think of giving much 
milk, or In fact any milk at all worth speak¬ 
ing of, and as about two-thirds of the food they 
have an appetite for goes to sustain the offices 
of life, it is clear that nnder-feedlng will not 
lead to a profit. This is a proposition well 
enough established, and It appeals alike to our 
judgment and interest. Yet, after oil, breed is 
of the first importance, because without it 
good feeding is of small effect on the milk 
pail; but, If we have both breed and feed, the 
puil will overflow—if we let it. Breed, then, 
iB first; food, next; then good milking by 
hand, kind treatment, shelter from the Btorm, 
and all that. 
A simple and excellent remedy, says Waldo, 
in the Ohio Farmer, in case of swelling and 
inflammation, is sal ammoniac dissolved in 
vinegar. He has never Been any liniment that 
would so quickly and certainly reduce a swel¬ 
ling in the first stages. 
Again he says that all milkers are likely to 
be troubled more or less with cracked teats, 
and when nothing la done to prevent or cure, 
sometimes a cow gets so bad that it is weeks 
before she can be cured. If one keeps a few 
ounces of glycerine in the stable, and at tbe 
first appearance of roughness or cracking 
poms a few drops in the palm of the hand be¬ 
fore milking, it will Stop ail trouble at. once. 
Occasionally a cow gets a tent cut or scratched 
with briars so as to make It almost impossible 
to milk ber. He has known a cow to dry 
up from this cause. Every time we attempt 
to milk a ent teat we break open the old 
wound, and if it Is a bad one, it is almost im¬ 
possible to heal it. Eveiy dairyman should 
have a set of milking tubes to use in such 
cases. Waldo does not use them at all for 
ordinary milking, but In such cases as those 
referred to be finds them of value. 
Dead Branches on Treks —Mr. Thomas 
Meehan remarks that his readers must remem¬ 
ber that only recently has it been clearly de¬ 
monstrated that a dead branch on a tree makes I 
almost as great a strain on the main plant for I 
i moisture as does a living one. It is one of the 
most important discoveries of modern botan- 
, leal science to the practical horticulturist, as 
! by this knowledge he can save many a valua¬ 
ble tree. When one has been transplanted 
, some roots get injured, and the supply of 
» moisture in the best cases is more or less dc- 
• fleiont. Any dead branch, or any weak one, 
should therefore be at once cut away. 8oln 
• pruning trecB at transplanting, the large, llfe- 
ful branches should not be cut back, as is gen 
erally done, but the weak, half-dead ones 
1 that are usually loft should bo the ones to 
r cut away. The large, stout ones are reser- 
! voirs of sap. which the plant needs ; the half- 
' dead ones draw on these reservoirs and con¬ 
tribute nothing of their own. 
And so it appears that cocoannt shells, 
ground up, are used to adulterate pepper and 
perhaps other spices. 
The Gardeners' Monthly says that Bcarce 
kinds of roses may be propagated this month, 
by eyes of the unripened wood taken off just 
after flowering, and set in sandy Boil in a 
shady place. Cuttings from shootB grown in 
partial Bhade root better than those matured 
in the fnll light. 
Making Sirup from Sorghum — We find 
in the Husbandman a plain account of how a 
writer makes his sirup from the Amber Cane. 
He says that with a good two-horse, three- 
roller mill, worth S'CO. capacity 360 gallons 
per hour, by getting an early start he makes 
sixty gallons of good, heavy molasses per day. 
His boiling pans are made of wood, with gal¬ 
vanized iron bottoms, »lzs 80x84 inehcB. The 
sides and ends are plank 1[ inch thick aud 
10 inches deep. He allows two pans to a mill 
of this capacity. The furnaces are placed in 
a line, with the chimney in the middle. An 
old stack to a steam-engine makes a very 
good chimney. The furnaces are 24 inches 
wide in the clear, so that the pans extend 
over a little, which prevents the plank from 
burning and keeps them from boiling over. 
There are a few evaporators arouud there but 
with proper care and attention lie makes just 
as nice sirup as the evaporators do. The 
main requisites are, qnleli boiling, careful 
skimming, and thorough cleaning of the pans 
after each boiling. Tbe pans are furnished 
with four bundles (hoop iron makes a very 
good handle) near the corners, extending high 
enough a* ove the pan so that a pole can be 
passed through from one side to the other, 
and four men can lift the pan and empty it. 
To tell when the sirup is done, lift the skim¬ 
mer, and if the sirup hangs to it and falls in 
drops, it will do. A JltUe experience will de¬ 
cide. In regard to the cane, his experience 
has been that the best plan iB to allow the cane 
to get ripe. What he calls ripe, is when the 
seed begins to get hard. So doing one gets 
less juice, but makes better sirnp, with less 
boiling and less skimming; and to plant the 
seed at such a time that the cane will have all 
the hot weatlieron it that it will bear increases 
its saccharine qualities. For stripping he 
uses a forked stick, and gives the fodder to 
the land, as this crop is a very exhausting 
one. ne often makes mwiasses from the va¬ 
rious sorghum canes, so sugary that in Winter 
itcan be cut with a knife, and ail it needs to 
make sugar is to be drained. He uses no 
lime or auytbing of the kind to settle it. 
The Philadelphia Press says that Burling¬ 
ton’s verteran gardener, Nathaniel Stowell. 
aged 92 years, has discovered and proved the 
efficiency of green sage leaves as a thorough 
preventive of the ravages of the Colorado 
beetle upon growing potatoes. 
Another New St ka wherry. —Tbehortlcul- 
tural editor of the N Y. Sun says that Now Jer¬ 
sey Btrawberry giowers are again jubilant over 
another new seedling strawberry which has 
been named the Manchester. Like all new va 
rietle* It is said to be something wonderful as 
to color, size aud flavor, and it is thought will 
prove a very flue market berry bocause of its 
firm flesh. The Wilson's Albany, growing in 
the same field, Is said to make a poor show be¬ 
side this new wonder. The writer has seen 
similar reports regarding many of the newer 
sorts, but has never found a variety that was 
superior to the old Wilson for productiveness. 
Perhaps the " Manchester ” Is the strawberry 
of the futures, he says, but of this we will know 
more a few ymrs hence. [It will not lake bo 
long as that wo confidently predict. The berry 
fruited at the Rural Grounds the present sea¬ 
son, Our readers are requested to bear it In 
mind.— Eds] 
It must be borne in mind, says Dr. Lawes, 
in the London Agricultural Gazette, that ex¬ 
periments conducted in a laboratory, or under 
any artificial conditions whatever, require to 
be tested in the field before they can be aeccp- 
ted as final, or have any value assigned to 
them as regards the settlement of practical 
questions of agriculture. Speaking as a farm¬ 
er, the question ho wants to be solved is, 
whether the organic matter of the dung which 
he applies to his land produces growth in his 
crops, either by increasing the ammonia in 
the soil, or by any other means, such effect 
being in addition to that due to the nitrogen 
and minerals contained in it. 
In the latest Mark Lane Express (London) 
we find the following: "The world’s wheat 
prospects and present realizations are such 
as to render it an indifferent matter to Europe 
whether the United States wheat harvest turns 
out a little more or a little less than that of 
last year; there is a fair prospect of plenty. 
Reports from the United Slates are, as yet. 
Btrongly suspected of being influenced by 
speculative interests, so that in reality very 
little dependence is piaced upon them here. 
The bulk of the testimony being In favor of an 
average crop of wheat on the area sown, it is 
accepted here tentatively, to that offset. 
The Manchester Strawberry.— Again we 
find in the N Y. Times a startling account of 
the new Manchester Strawberry, which is not 
yet offered for sale: "The Manchester is a 
new seedling accidentally produced by a Mr, 
Batty, of Manchester, N. J. Tills berry is said 
by some good Judges to be really extraordin¬ 
ary. It Is growing upon almost pure sand and 
produces abundantly large, handsome, conical, 
scarlet berries, red-fleshed, firm, juiey, and of 
a sprightly and rich flavor. The keeping 
qualities are also highly spoken of. The va¬ 
rieties of this fruit that will do well upon sandy 
soils are few in number, and a good, well-flav¬ 
ored berry, firm enough t.n ship and keep for 
three days and of attractive appearance, as 
well as good enough for private gardens and 
farms, and that will succeed upon light, dry 
soils, will soon become a very popular one. 
For a berry that will do well upon almost pure 
sand and with but poor cultivation will be 
something remarkable on better soils and with 
good treatment. And this is what is claimed 
for the Manchester.” 
The Herald says that honest industry is all 
very well in Its way, but a bononza which en¬ 
riches us in twenty minutes and helps ns to 
make fools of ourselves all the rest of our lives 
—oh, that is our dream of bliss! . . . . " Sam 
you are not honest. Why do you put all the 
good peaches on the top of the measure and 
the little ones below?” " Same reason, sah, 
dat makes de front of your house marble and 
de back gate chiefly slop bar’l, Bah." .... A 
little bit of a girl living near one of our cities, 
ran in to ber mother from the road'side with 
some early Spring blooms in her hands, and fnll 
of the outside glow, exclaimed : " O mamma, 
how nice It Is to live where somebody doesn’t 
own everything I" , . .It takes 8fl0 full-blown 
roses to make a table-ipoonful of perfume, 
while ten cents’ worth of cooked ouIoub will 
Bcent a whole neighborhood.Agri¬ 
cultural chemists have published wrong con¬ 
clusions too often to lie dogmatic.—N, Y. Tri¬ 
bune. 
" There Is no unbelief : 
Whoever plants a seed beneath the sod, 
And waita to boo it punb away the clod, 
He trusts in God." 
(Bhf nilii Iif rt 
BUBAL 8PECIAL BEF0BT8. 
Canada. 
Weymouth, N. 8., July 6 —Wheat looking 
well—principally Lost Nation and White Rus¬ 
sian. Oats and barley good, but the acreage 
decreasing, both being superseded by wheat. 
Corn not much planted; prospect poor, but 
there Is a slight Improvement of late. Pota¬ 
toes and garden crops look well; but owing 
to the cold, wet weather they are a fortnight 
late. The hay crop will probably bo a good 
average, but late. Apples, pears, plums, 
quinces and cherries abundant. Small fruits 
plentiful. Squash bugs are the only insect 
pests of any account. The potato bug has 
never made its appearance in this county, 
and I have not heard of it anywhere in the 
Province. Altogether, with the exception of 
corn, there is a good outlook for an abun¬ 
dant harvest. w. h. s. d. 
Colorndo. 
Hillsborough, Weld Co., July 6 —Farmers 
in this portion of the Stale are jubilant over 
their prospects, and from present indications 
the yield will be enormous. All kinds of small 
grain are doing well; wheat is stiff at 12 55 
perewt., and produce of all kinds brings a 
good price. j. w. o. 
Maine. 
Lewiston, Androscoggin Co., July 7.— 
More wheat sown than last year—Lost Nation 
chiefly. Oats hi area and yield are above the 
average, but little barley or rye growti here. 
The tendency is to grow more of wheat and 
outs. The former lias done much better the 
last few years thau formerly, when rust and 
weevils nearly or quite destroyed the crops. 
Fai mers are beginning to find out that they 
can raise wheat to advantage. The prospect 
