484 
THE RURAL WFW-YCRKER. 
JULY 23 
pairing for tfrr poling. 
FARMING FOR BOYS AND GIRL8-NO. 28. 
H8NKY 8TEWAKT. 
t*rn|iarln|{ Koud for Mlnuh, 
Tdb purpose of food Is to support lira, it does 
this by restoring the waste of the body caused, In 
greater part, by the motion of t he muncler. Every 
time an animal moves a limb ; every motion of the 
heart which force* the mood through the veins; 
every movement of the lungs which draws In or 
forces out the breath; all these motions use up a 
certain portion of the fibrous tissue of the body, of 
which the tnuaclee are formed. This loot tissue la 
replaced by matter contributed by the blood. The 
blood la restored, as wo nave seen, 
from the food which la prr pared for 
this purpose by the digestive organs. 
It follows, therefore, that the more 
the muscles' are exercised, the more 
food la required to replace the Iota 
occaalonca by tnia moiion. if an ani¬ 
mal ahould be shut up in the dark and 
do nothing hut sleep, It might llvo for 
several weeks without any food. A 
horae has been kept without food for 
43 days In a condition of perfect Idle¬ 
ness, but when kept at work without 
food It was unable to rise on the elev¬ 
enth day. The dlfTerenoe shows the 
amount of waste caused by the exer¬ 
tion of the muscles In the performance 
of work. 
It Is clear tnen, mat. even in eat¬ 
ing the food, which la a work re¬ 
quiring muscular motion, u portion 
of the food is used up. it la precisely the 
Batne as If a steam engine should lift the coal, by 
which the steam Is produced to work the engine, 
cruah It and put it into the furuaoes. ab In this 
case a portion of the power of the cngJuo would be 
expended In reeding the tire, and of course some 
of the fuel is expended In producing thin power, 
ho In an animal, a portion of the food la actually 
used up to produce the vital force which la ex¬ 
pended In masticating, digesting, and assimilating 
It, and carrying it In Its completed form, an blood, 
to the small vessels, thOcapillaries, which serve It 
out, rh It were, to t he exhausted muscles as fr«»h 
matter, t,o replace their wear and tear. For this 
reason tt la necessary sometimes to prepare the 
food bo that it may be eaten and digested more 
easily, and labor—which la loss-saved to the ani¬ 
mals. Am f(KKl costs money, Its saving Is money 
saved ; and therefore we may well consider as a 
practice of economy, how far we may pioiitably 
go In saving food In this way. 
There Is but one limit, and that Is the health of 
the animal, If we Injure the health by our man¬ 
ner of feeding, no saving of food would recompense 
us; and In considering how we may save food by 
preparliglt, whether by grinding It, cutting It, 
cooking It, aoaklng It In water or In any other way, 
this point must never be lost sight of. Grinding 
grain la practised because it. Is an economy. The 
meal is more easily eaten than the whole grain, 
and It Is more easily and perfectly digested; but 
still it is necessary to secure Its proper mastication 
and mixture with the saliva, before It la swal¬ 
lowed, or It would not be wholly digested and 
might be more wasteful than feeding whole grain. 
Wo avoid this duoger by mixing the meal with cut 
fodder, and we wet the fodder to make the meal 
mix better with It. Home persons believe that it 
la better to cook the rood by ateumlng It, but it, ta 
doubtrul If the saving—ir there la any at all—Is 
aulTlolent to pay for the extra labor. 
This whom question is one which can only bo 
solved by experiments. We can never reach a 
satisfactory knowledge by reasoning upon It; and 
If we could In one case, another could never be 
decided by that one. Ho that the farmer must try 
for himself, when ho understands the facts, In 
what way ho can prepare the food for his stock, 
so as to got the most, value out of It and yet not to 
spend more In tabor than t he saving would amount 
to. It la very certain that there ta a great saving 
In grinding the grain and in cutting the fodder 
for horses, cows and oxen; and tn grinding or 
cooking the grain for pigs, In many cases; but 
there are cases in which there In no saving. Where 
oorn and hay are very cheap, this saving Is not 
equal to the cost of the work done; but, where 
grain and hay are dear, it may be well worth the 
labor spent; more especially when the work Is 
not paid for in money, and there Is spare time to 
do It. Hut, It Is very doubtful If It will pay to go 
further than this In the preparation of food for 
stock. 
- - — 
THE YOUNG QUERIBT. 
P. At., Went Hawn,Conn., asks, 1, to what genus 
of plants does the nettle belong,why does the 
sharp prick of a nettle produce Itching and swell¬ 
ing. 
Anh, l, The nettle belongs to the genus uriusa, 
which name Is probably derived from the Hat,In 
word were meaning to burn. 2. The stinging 
hair or the nettle has a Utile bulbouM coll In which 
an Irritating Juice Is contained, and when the 
sharp point or hair is broken olt this Juice nows 
at once Into the wound and produces palm Under 
the microscope the contents of the nettle-hair 
may be seen In constant motion. It. is said. 
N. K, ft, ttm-lin, A. )'., wishes to know when 
and where Mary, </neeu or Hcot-ts, was beheaded. 
Anh. —On February H, 1SSI, at Fothorlugay cas¬ 
tle Northamptonshire, England. 
J. A. ft, M'trovr, o., asks if Olive trees can bo 
grown so far nort h as Ohio. 
anh. -only as greenhouse plants. They thrive 
well l . me Houthern Mates. 
,s. M,, JjwdA, N. r. wishes to know when to trim 
Norway Spruce hedges. 
anh.- About tho beginning of August. 
O. W. a., jrmiu, o., asks what la the best man¬ 
ure Tor flowers and house plants, 
Anh.— Liquid manure from the barn yard, di¬ 
luted so that but little color remains Is probably 
the best. 
— - — » » ♦- 
THE DRAGON FLY. 
(Libellula trimaculata.) 
I jmaoinb that there arc very few boys and glrla 
In tho country who do not know the Dragon Ely 
when t hey see It. It may be they have not all 
heard that name applied to It; It so, they may call 
It tho Devil’s Darning Needle, or Spindle for all 
these names are used In the country In speaking 
of this Insect. It Is probably this terrible name of 
Devil’s Darning Needle that Inspires such a fear In 
tho minds of the children whenever they see one 
flying about. They know that It Is thooiilco of tho 
fig. 852. 
needle to pierce, and If this Insect has anything to 
do with his Hatanlc majesty tt muHt have been 
sent Into t he world to pierce and sting people. But 
no; the bright-winged little fellow wouldn’t hurt 
anybody for the world; so, boys and girls, you need 
not lot that curloua Idea that tho Darning Needle 
Is going t X) fly into your ears haunt you any more. 
Hut I wouldn’t say that gnats. inoaquItoeH, bugs, 
or almost any BOft-bodied Insect would escape so 
easily, for they are choice food for Dragon Files, 
and Ills these that they arc looking lor when they 
dart about with such swiftness and Teroclty. 
These Insects pass the larval state In the water, 
and In crawling along the bottoms of pools they 
find their food, In the shape of Insects and little 
pln-flshcs. I Just, said that they crawl along tho 
bottom, which Is partially correct, but they have, 
so we are told, a valvular apparatus at the end of 
the Util by which they draw In and expel water as 
a means of locornollon. They probably put this 
machinery Into operation when they •• can’t touch 
bottom, ’’ ho they are never without locomotive fa¬ 
cilities. They remain In the water several months 
and change their skin several times, but when tho 
time comes for their final transformation they 
crawl out upon the bank or upon a neighboring 
plant, where the pupa skin buisls open and the 
beautiful winged Insect becomes an Inhabitant, of 
the air. it Is said that these Insects are two years 
In reaching their perfect state, after which their 
wlngH become torn and discolored, their strength 
falls, and in a few weeks they die. u. m 
(Of $U))Ui, 
GEOGRAPHY PUZZLE. 
J was awakened one morning by a city of China, 
which was perched on a fence near my window. 
From an adjoining room I heard a division of 
Great Britain, and I called a river of North Amer¬ 
ica to make a nre, as I felt a division of Houth 
America, on going down stairs 1 found that one 
of the lakes of North America had spilled a divis¬ 
ion of Europe on my hlghly-prUed city of Belgium 
while putting on tho table rny breakfast, consist¬ 
ing of a division of Asia, seasoned with a city of 
Mouth A merlon; also a cape of MasHachusetts, an 
Island of Oeeanloa, a city of France stopped with a 
city of Ireland, and a basket containing a river of 
Africa and other fruits. 1 paid a division of Africa 
for my breakfast, and then I asked one of tho 
islandsor Oeeanloa ror some sugar to feed an Island 
of Arrioa that was hanging In my chamber. 
Answer In two weeks. Roth. 
- — ■ 
ACROSTIC4L ENIGMA. 
My ilrst and my second are seen on the mounUiln, 
My third and ray fourth In tho glade and the foun¬ 
tain ; 
My firth and my sixth In tho meadows are found, 
My seventh and eighth In deep forests abound, 
My ninth is in t he desert, 
My tenth bus gone to ride, 
My eleventh Is In Italy, 
My twelfth goes with the tide, 
My thirteenth you will iln^is in t he number three 
My whole is very welcome as It of ton comes to me. 
**■* Answer In two weekH. Maky Wacky. 
-»■»♦■ — - - 
PUZZLER ANSWERS Julyfi. 
HjkM'n FnowiytA -1. Arbutus, 2 . Batolialor’a But 
ton. ;i, bo*. 4 Butt.. I'uiip. t. Cactus. y. (jum.llu 
7 .liminlne H, Carnation. 9. Bramble. Ill, Celan¬ 
dine. II. Orchb- IS, Callu Lily is. Clematis, 14. 
OOnamlnr. 1 0 . Cypres* II Cowslip 17, Dandelion, 
is. Dahlia, m forget-me-not. Primrose. 21 . li- 
uliMi. 24. Woodbine. ai. portuluoa. 
Fivk-Lkttki I'uz/.mc. Apple. 
Diamond Puzzle. 
M 
M A T 
M A T 1C H 
M A T K it I A 
T E It I N 
H I N 
For general debility and prostration Hop Hitters 
will do wonders. I rove It by trial.—Ada. 
Sabbat! grafting. 
WHAT I LIVE FOR. 
I civic for those that love me, 
Whose hearts are klml and true. 
For heaven that smiles above mo 
And wait* niy spirit, too; 
For all human lies that bind me, 
For the Iasi, by Gtwl assumed me, 
For the bright hopes left behind me, 
And the good that 1 ran do. 
1 live to learn their story 
Who’vesuffered for my sake. 
To emulate their glory, 
And follow In their wake; 
Hards, patriots, martyrs, sages, 
The noble of all ages, 
Whose deeds crown history’s pages, 
And time's great volume make. 
I live to hall that season 
By gifted minds foretold, 
When man shall live by reason 
And not alone by gold ; 
When, man to man united, 
And every wrong thing righted, 
Tho whole earth shall bo lighted 
As Eden was of old. 
I llvo to bold communion 
With all that is divine, 
To feel that there In union 
’Twlxt nature's heart and mine; 
To profit hy aflllcUon, 
Heap truths from fields of fiction, 
Grow wiser from conviction— 
Fulfilling God'H design. 
I llvo for thoss (hat love me. 
For those who know me true, 
For the heaven that smiles above me 
And wait* my spirit, too; 
For tho causa that larks assistance, 
For the wrongs that need resistance, 
For the future In the distance, 
Ami the good that I can do. 
SELECTIONS FROM WRITINGS OF DB. 
E. H- CHAPIN. 
Thk true Church Is not, an Institution to be kept 
apart from the world because the world " Is com¬ 
mon and unclean,” but a vital heart of truth and 
love, beating with the life of .lesua, and sending 
abroad Its sanctifying pulsations until nothing 
shall be common and unclean. 
Christianity la, in society, like that agency In 
the physical world which drives suns and systems 
on their tremendous track, yet binds them In gilt- 
taring harmony, holds them to a central order, 
nils them with Joyful life, and Illuminates them 
with universal beauty. 
" Our life Is what wo make It I"--an insignificant 
game, or a noblo trial; a dream or a reality ; a 
play of the tenses worn out In selfish use and fly¬ 
ing "swifter than a weaver’s shuttle," or an aseen- 
slon of the soul by dally duties and unfaltering 
faith to more spiritual relations and to loftier tolls, 
to tho company of the Immortal,—to tho pres¬ 
ence of God and the fellowship of Christ,. 
You would feel that It was a great thing to 
stand upon the walls of a lonely fort, with your 
country’s flag flouting over you, knowing, perhaps, 
that your country’s freedom depended upon your 
vtgUauleye and quick ear. You would think It a 
great thing to stand upon the deck of a ship, keep¬ 
ing watch at night, knowing that the safety of all 
those on board depended upon your alertness 
and activity. Htand at the portals of your own 
soul, with the signal-flag of God's law floating 
over you, and feel what Important results depend 
Upon your care and watohfulnuns; stand upon the 
deck of the great social ship, watching the inter 
CAtA committed to you, and fool how much depends 
upon you. Drive every nail you drive, do every¬ 
thing you do, however small and significant, as 
though God’s eye was flashing upon you. 
I do not want any of that kind of roc pec t ror 
the clergyman that will check a man from swear¬ 
ing In his presence. "Oh, I beg pardon; I see 
there is a minister present." Never beg my par¬ 
don for swearing. If you dont care about offend¬ 
ing God you need not trouble yourself about 
ofTondlng me. G, this miserable, mean kind of 
respect, that Is felt for the moio formalities and 
decencies of religion, when Jesus Christ Is turned 
out of doors. 
It Ls not for him who except* tho spiritual Intel- 
pretatlon of lire and nature to ufliirn or fear any 
real antagonism between the world within us and 
the world without. • * * The work of nature 
displayed in all these forms of being Is not merely 
analogous to the divine word ; the work of nature 
Is the divine word. Dr, K. 11. Chapin. 
Jk there be any true religion In us, It Is much 
more likely to be discovered and drawn Into aotua 
exercise by au exhibition of the glory and grace 
of Christ, than hy searching for It, In Mm rubbish of 
our past, feelings. To discover the small grains of 
steel mixed among a quantity of dust, it were 
much better to make use ot a magnet, ibun a mi¬ 
croscope.— A Ddrew Fuller. 
Tnu pupils of a certain rabbi askedDocs a 
man know the day of his death so as to repent the 
day before 7” " Not so,” was the answer; 11 but so 
much the more should tho man Htrlve to grow bet¬ 
ter every day, because he may die the next. Ho all 
his days will be spent in repentance, as It is writ¬ 
ten • let, thy gaimerits be always white.' ” 
Tint reason why toe men of the world think so 
little of Christ Is, they do not look at Him. Their 
backH being toward the sun, they can see only 
their own shallows, and are, therefore, wholly 
taken up with them solves, while the true disciple, 
looking only upward, sees nothing but his wavlour, 
and learns to forgot himself.—Fayson. 
KmpUtncnt# and ipacltinery. 
J. B CROWELL & C 07 
Greencastle, Pa. 
£5 Hi 
Vear. 
GRAIN & FERTILIZER DRILLS. 
Complete Force Feed, Rubber Springs, AUTOMATIC 
CUT OFF, saving FertlllZAlra. Agent* wanted In 
territory not occupied 
tW~ Deaerlptlve Circular* no nt on application. 
“Victor” one-horse Wheat Drills 
_ Jnljr ir 0R Howl No Whkat, 
a \ Kvic. Ba 111,kv, 111 fallow 
rfts. \ / Ground or in standing 
... In udliii'tnhle tor 
*■- different width*,and Is 
Juat what every .mall farmer ought to have, saving 
the price of a Two,Horn* Drill. 
Manufactured ouly by ICWAI.D OVER. 
(Hand for Circular*.) I iiiIIhiiii polla, Ind. 
MATTHEWS'S 
The ■tniidiird of America 
Admitted by leading Heads- f C/V vi my g^ 
men and Market Gardeners 
everywhere to be the most per- 
feet and reliable Drill In one. - ■»- 
Hmid for circular. Mauufac- * - 
ttired only by 
KV KRHTT <L HfYIAl.L, Bouton, IMna*. 
The New Buckeye Force Feed 
GRAIN DRILL. 
Aj.MO 
THE NEW BUCKEYE 
Combined Force Feed Grain and 
fi:ktiu/i;k imiix. 
AN irai>K4>VKl> Kbit 1KKI. 
Over 100,000 Now In Use. 
Tim fliii-kayo has Urn largest sale of any Grain Drill 
lu tlm world, and tlmy are pronounced by all to be th* 
moat vtrfeel Hkbdiho Machincs In I bo country. No 
Grain Drill ever mode gave such I'.-ri vianur, saiihYmo¬ 
tion. It 1* the best force-limit in the market. Our For- 
till /.or flower hoe a positive force, food aud lias unequal. 
Bond for our circular giving lllustrurlon* of now tin- 
provements. Address I*. I*. ItlAMT «V < o., 
Mprlnitnc-Jd, Ohio. 
Branch Office*. 211 N. Ilrotid HU, Philadelphia, Pa, 
llth Ht. and Clarke Avo.. Mt, Louis. Mo. 
Also manufactur ers of Buckeye Broadcast Hnodora, 
Buckeye II font Mowers, Bm keje Hiding Cultivators, 
Buekeye Wulklug Cultivators. Buckeye Plow Bulky 
and Buckeye Cider Mill 
&U0ciUAueouj0 
200 Oar Loads Hard Wood Loached AbIkib 
FOK HA I,It, delivered In ilulfulo In car-load, nf Ik 
tons reboot 420 bushels) at $ 4,00 per ton . Buff alo nod 
Intermediate station* to Rochester and Caledonia, 
$4.All; from Rochester and nil stations to Hyracuse mid 
Auburn, Hcheneelady. Colme*. Troy, Albany, and at 
stations on II II It to S Y., Hunters Point, L. 1 I hila., 
Pa., Baltimore. \!,1 . An. per ton 1 Newburgh, I lmira, 
N. V., Trenum. I'sUiraoD, Passaio.Plnnoont,Itldgaway, 
Newark, Jersey City, N J , K 6 .M 1 . Ashes in good ship¬ 
ping order Order* promptly filled. 
JAMEH 11 AllTNIlHH, Detroit, Mich. 
r /k All (told, Chrome ft L11V, Curds, (No 3 alike,) 
OV/Nwuo Oil, 10c. 011 11 ton Jlroa,, Cllntnnvllle. Omni. 
$5 to $«<) 
^ Wl/m} 
KNOW THYSELF. 
per day at home. Hamplea worth $f, free 
Address Htlnaoii ft On.. Portland, Maine 
<•01,11 VI I D A I, AWARDED 
the Author, A new and great 
Medical Work, warranted the 
best and cheapest. lii(1i*MO*aldo 
to every mat), entitled The Kcl- 
enoe of Life, or Holf-Prvisr rva 
Bon;" bound In firient French 
mualin, embossed, full gilt. :m 
tip., contain* beautiful steel en- 
. graving*. U6 prearrlptloiia, price 
f only $. 1 . 3 ft, cent >jy mail. 111 I in 
trated aaurple, 1 cent* ; send now. 
1 Address Peabody Medical Insti¬ 
tute or Dr. W. II. I'Altli ICR. 
4 Ilulllnch Ht., Hontnii. 
MAORI CATARRHand 
IlHOHL BRONCHITIS. 
Child* Treatment for Nasai. find BnoNCiiiAi. 
Catakhii is (ho only one that cm he relied 
upon lor the PiTinaiunit and l*OHltIve 
I hi* dlsuaao. Home Treatment. SSS 
it. For ih-ljilIs of method and terms, addreaa 
Kvv. T, I". C1IILDM, Troy, OUlo. 
fl> no a week tn your own town. Tertua and $0 outfit 
<PUV free. Addreaa U. Uallott ft Uo.. Portland. Maine 
