THE BUBAL HEW-YOBKEB. 
OCT. 8 
largest exhibitors in this class. There were 
seven herds of He re fords on exhibition and 
they made an excellent showing. Messrs. 
Burleigh and Bodwt’l, of Maine, earned off 
the first, premium on lerds and also 23 other 
premiums on their ol her exhibits of Hereford? 
and Polled Angus, amply repaying them for 
their long trip. The Herefords are more pop¬ 
ular in this State than in New York, and the 
breeders here show marked improvements in 
their exhibits over previous years. The Maine 
exhibit numbered 23 bead and the next largest 
exhibitors were Messrs. Phelps and Seeley’s 
and Parsons of Ohio. Two fine herds of Polled 
Angus (or Galloway’s as they are here mis¬ 
called) were exhibited by Messrs. Burleigh and- 
Bodwell of Maine, and R. B. Caruss of St. 
John, Mich, These cattle have been talked of 
considerably in the Rura l and I heard more 
t han one prominent breeder on the grounds 
here say that they promised to be the coming 
breed in this country. They improve with ac¬ 
quaintance and it seems highly probable that 
in time they will turn out to be in this coun¬ 
try all that the Rural has Claimed for them, 
Ihe Maine herd had at its head the fine year¬ 
ling bull Highlander, and carried off first pre¬ 
mium. The Michigan herd was headed by 
the four-year old bull Lord Loehienor. I hope 
to see both of these bulls pictured in the Rural 
later on. 
The show of sheep was simply immense, 414 
entries competing. The Merino exhibit was 
rery fine, some of the best sheep in the State 
being present. The show in middle and long- 
A ools was large but not up to that of the fine- 
wools in quality. 
1 here were 160 pens of swine—not as many 
as I expected to sec here, but the quality made 
up for the l ick iu quantity. It was difficult to 
get names of breeders in these classes; and I 
would recommend the society to adopt the 
N. Y. State Ag'l Society’s plan of numbering 
and cataloguing the exhibits as a great assis¬ 
tance to visitors. 
The poultry show was in a budding adjoin¬ 
ing one of the side-shows, and the noise of the 
two was sufficient to satisfy the most enthusi¬ 
astic amateur. The display was not large, 
but good, and would have attracted more at¬ 
tention it it were not for the side-show band. 
The fruit, flower ami vegetable hall was well 
filled. Fruit looked better here than at Cleve¬ 
land, Pittsburgh or Elmira. Apples, pears 
and grapes showed the effect of the loug-eon- 
tinued drought, but not as badly as at the 
places above mentioned. The Rural’s cor¬ 
respondent, J. S. Woodward, made a hand¬ 
some display of Niagaras that looked as 
though there had been no drought in his sec¬ 
tion of New York. The vegetable and cereal 
exhibits were very large, showing that the 
Michigan farmers must either pay more atten¬ 
tion as a rule, to farm gardening than the 
farmers of other States, or that they think 
enough of their farmer friends and their State 
Agricultural Society to bring forth the best of 
their products and show what can be done. 
This department would put to shame all the 
Eastern fairs that I have yet seen or heard 
from. Among the large wheat and graiu ex¬ 
hibits I noticed a handsome display made by 
Chas. Grant, Thornbury, Ont., Canada. Right 
here I think that Golden Grains or Black- 
beai’ded Centennial is coming in again at 35 
cents for a small package under a new name— 
viz.: “ French Spring.” Several heads of this 
would-be new sort were placed alongside 
the illustration of the Black-bearded Centen¬ 
nial in the Rural Wheat Special, and the 
general opinion was that they were identical. 
Domestic Hall, as usual, was well filled. 
The agricultural implement show was the 
largest. 1 have ever seen on a fail- ground 
outside of St. Louis, There must have been 
at least 20 acres filled with all the latest im¬ 
proved machinery. There were over 30 port¬ 
able and t.‘action farm engines in operation. 
Right her3 I must protest against the running 
of self-propelling engines around the grounds 
indiscriminately. If there is any use for a 
track on the grounds of an agricultural fair 
this is what it should be used for. After two or 
three people have been run over and killed, the 
present reckless practice may be stopped— bet¬ 
ter stop it nou\ There were acres of thrashing 
machines and clover hollers in full operation 
with steam or horse power. Twine and Wire I 
self-binding harvesters of all descriptions, 
were in full force; while grain drills, cultiva¬ 
tors, plows etc,, were there by the hundreds. 
Although a number of great Improvements 
were shown in different machines, I noticed 
only one new one. It was a combination 
Spring Tooth harrow an 1 drill on broadcast 
seeder principle, made by B. S. Williams & 
Co., at Kahuiluzoo, Mich. The displays of the 
large mower and reaper concerns, such as 
Walter A. Wood, Bradley, Johnstons, Gregg 
& Co., and others, were run by shaftiu so I 
that farmers could see the principal points of 
the different machines. The large plow con¬ 
cerns made suine elegant exhibits, their plows 
being finished and polished in the most skillful 
and artistic manner. The Gale M’f’g. Co.; 
the Oliver Chilled Flow Co.; the South Bend 
Plow Works were particularly noticeable in 
this respect. This is the couutry of spring 
tooth harrows and there must have been an 
acre of them. One of the pleasant incidents 
of the fair was the presentation to Superinten¬ 
dent Hanford of a handsome gold watch and 
chaiir he has been General Superintendent of 
Machinery Department for 12 years. 
The old reliable house of P. P. Mast & Co., 
Springfield. Ohio, who have a larger business 
in their line in this State, than any other 
manufacturer, and claim to have sold more 
drills in Michigan during the past season than 
all their competitors combined, made the larg¬ 
est and most varied exhibition of drills on 
the grounds. Recognizing the fact that no 
drill is adapted to all kinds, and conditions of 
soil, and having a trade that covers every 
State and Territory in the Union and also 
nearly every country where wheat is grown, 
tins enterprising firm is now building and had 
on exhibition here Buckeye spring pressure 
drills for hard ground; Buckeye shoe drills for 
sandy and mellow soil; Buckeye fertilizer 
drills for soils that need enriching; three and 
five-hoe Buckeye drills for drilling wheat 
among standing corn and the old reliable 
Buckeye force-feed hoe drill which for the past 
20 years has been well known to our readers. 
Another great improvement shown by them 
was their new Buckeye spring tooth harrow, 
which was lately illustrated in the Rural, 
and which promises to meet with a large sale, 
as it fills a want long felt for some thing that 
would work the ground finer than a cultivator 
in preparing for wheat and do away with the 
annoyance of breaking pins or straining cul¬ 
tivators on stony or rough ground. By a 
lever at the side of the driver’s seat, the teeth 
can be forced into the hardest ground and kept 
from running too deep if t he ground is mellow, 
or made perfectly adjustable to follow the 
surface. A seeder can be attached for such 
as are in favor of broadcast seeding. They 
also exhibited a full line of Buckeye broadcast 
seeders, cultivators, plow sulkies, cider mills, 
etc. 
The Albion M’f’g. Co.. Albion, Mich., made 
a fine display of their new Albion spring tooth 
sulky harrow and cultivator with broadcast 
seeder attachment. The advantages claimed 
for this over ordinary dragging harrows are 
lightness of draft, adjustability of frame by 
which pitch of teeth is governed, and the per¬ 
fect manner in which it follows the surface of 
the ground, A simple device governs the 
depth to which the teeth penetrate, and any 
boy old enough to manage a team can work it 
either from the seat or on the ground while 
the harrow is in motion, and hold the teeth in 
hai il ground or regulate their depth in mellow 
or soft soil with perfect ease. By simply re¬ 
moving two teeth the harrow is convertible 
into a com cultivator. It is provided with a 
pole adjustable for either two or three horses, 
and always follows the lino of draft and the 
teeth will not track on sod ground or hill-side. 
When desired, an excellent broadcast seeder 
attachment is combined with it, malting thi-ee 
perfect implements in one. A large number 
of these machines are now in use both East and 
West and are giving complete satisfaction. 
w. H. K. 
- » - ■ ■ - 
40th Exhibition of the Queens Co. 
Agricultural Society, 
FIRST PRIZES ALL AROUND TO THE RURAL 
FARM EXHIBITS. 
FIRST PRIZE TO THE 
RURAL HEAVY DENT 
AS THE BEST WHITE CORV. 
First Prizes to Wheat and Oats. 
[Rural Special Report.] 
Next only in general importance to the 
State Fair of New York is this of the above 
Society. The almost unprecedented drought 
which has injured or destroyed all late crops, 
and especially corn, on most parts of Long 
Island, would naturally have the effect to dis¬ 
courage farmers from entering products-which 
there was reason to fear could neither reflect 
much credit upon themselves nor prove objects 
of interest to visitors. Nevertheless, the entire 
display, though inferior in quality, less iu 
quantity, and far less varied than iu the aver¬ 
age of previous years, was remarkably full 
and excellent to the eyes of those whose lands 
have suffered the full extent of the drought. 
The products from the Rural Farm were 
viewed with notable favor and many wore the 
complimentary remarks passed upon them. 
Every entry received a first premium. The 
awards were as follows:— 
1st. For the heaviest and most perfect 12 
ears, any number of rows, of white corn. 
Awarded to the Rural Heavy Dent. 
2nd. For the heaviest and most perfect 12 
ears, any number of rows, of yellow com. I 
Awarded to the Chester County Mammoth. * 
3rd. For the greatest number of best varie¬ 
ties of wheat exhibited in the straw. Award¬ 
ed to the Rural collection of GO different 
kinds. 
4th. For best sample of wheat, 50 heads, in 
the straw. The premium card was displaced 
so that we did not ascertain to which of our 
varieties this first premium was awarded. 
5th. For the greatest number of grains and 
best varieties from one exhibitor. Awarded 
to the Rural’s entire exhibit of corn, oats 
and wheat. 
6 th. For greatest number of grains to a 
head, bald and cultivated. This was awarded 
to one of the Rural wheats originating upon 
the Rural Farm and not yet named. 
7th, For the largest number of grains to a 
head, boarded and cultivated, in straw. This 
was awarded to another of the Rural wheats 
not yet named. 
8 th. For the greatest number of varieties of 
oats. This was awarded to the Rural collec¬ 
tion of oats. 
9th. For the best sample of oats, 100 heads, 
in the straw. This was awarded to Mold’s 
Ennobled Oats. 
10th. The best sample of hulless oats. This 
was awarded to Pringle’s hybrid hulless Ex¬ 
celsior Oats. 
The field from which the prize ears of the 
Chester County Mammoth were selected was 
manured with 400 pounds to the acre of Bow- 
ker’s com fertilizer. It is the same field upon 
which the great yield of Blount’s Com was 
harvested last year. 
The field from which the prize ears of the 
Rural Hea vy Dent were selected was manured 
with 600 pounds (upon one acre) of Mape.o 
corn manure It is the com experiment field 
of the present, season. The rest of the field— 
save the special plots of one-twentieth of an 
acre each—received no manure of any kind, as 
our readere will remember. 
Mr. Anton A. De Graw iu the cattle depart¬ 
ment exhibited some splendid Jerseys. He 
received the first premium for Jersey bull, 
“ Pride of the Island,” two years and four 
months old, a portrait of which noble animal 
we hope to present in a future number. 
Mr. Davison took the first prize for Jersey 
bull (BenNevis) one year old: W. J. H. Ken¬ 
yon for a fine Guernsey bull two years old, 
“Stubcn Forest;” David Carll’for a three-year- 
old Ayrshire bull, also for several Ayrshire 
cows and calves. Of thoroughbreds only 
Guernseys. Jerseys and Avrshires were en¬ 
tered. though premiums were offered also for 
Short-horns, Holsteins and Devons. 
In the implement department we saw noth¬ 
ing that has not frequently been alluded to in 
these columns. 
Contrary to all reasonable expectations, the 
attendance was large. But the management 
of this fair is so complete, the grounds so 
ample and well suited to exhibition purposes, 
that visitors find plenty of enjoyment and 
more than enough to engage their attention 
for a single day. “ Major.” 
•-- 
KANSAS STATE FAIR. 
[Special Correspondence of Rural New-Yorker.] 
Topeka, Kansas, Sept. 22, 1881. 
The first annual fair of Kansas was 
opened on Monday, the 12th, under the 
most favorable auspices. The buildings 
were nearly all new and built without re. 
gard to expense, probably being as good as 
can be found in the West. The building for 
sheep was especially good, and might well be 
copied by older States. In the Stock Depart¬ 
ment there was a fair exhibit. There wei-e 
several herds of Shortr-horns that would com¬ 
pare favorably with the Short-horns found in 
older States. The exhibit of Jerseys was 
small, and hardly up to the standard of that 
popular breed. In Holsteins one herd of ten 
head was exhibited, which were good. 
In the Swine Department there was a large 
exhibit, mostly of the Poland-China breed, 
though several pens of the Berkshire and Jer¬ 
sey Reds were on exhibition. Tbe exhibit of 
horses and sheep was small, though there were 
some fine animals shown, notably the imported 
Clydesdale stallions. 
Iu the Horticultural Department the dis¬ 
play of fruit was in all respects very fine, 
comprising over 1,800 plates, and the fruit ap¬ 
peared to be of the best quality. Douglas Co. 
exhibited 115 varieties of apples and 10 varie¬ 
ties of pears and as many of (teaches. Leaven¬ 
worth Co. exhibited 125 varieties of apples, 
30 of grapes, SO of pears, besides many samples 
of small fruits. Abner Allen, of Riley Co., 
exhibited 80 varieties of apples, besides many 
varieties ol grapes, (tern’s and peaches. Wash¬ 
ington Co. exhibited 30 varieties of apples. 
The State Grange of Kansas offered for the 
largest and finest collection and display of 
farm products, including the garden aud or¬ 
chard, $300 for first premium, 8300 for second, 
and $100 for the third. Four Granges com¬ 
peted for these premiums, and the exhibit 
from each Grange was especially fine. Capi¬ 
tol Grange, of Shawnee Co., won the first pre¬ 
mium. In fruit they exhibited 100 varieties 
of apples, 15 of grapes, 10 of peaches, and 8 of 
peal’s. Neosha Grange, of Lyon Co.,'won sec¬ 
ond premium, and Lone Elm Grange, of John¬ 
son Co., third premium. The Lone Elm 
Grange exhibited 97 varieties of apples, 15 of 
grapes, 14 of pears, aud 6 of peaches. The 
Atchison and Santa F6 Railway Company 
made an exhibit of fruits and products of ten 
counties in which their road runs, which was 
simply grand, and no one could leave the 
building with any doubts as to the future of 
Kansas. 
On Thursday 25,000 people attended the 
fair. The Secretary said there would be 
money enough to pay all expenses and leave 
some in the treasury. The first annual State 
fair of Kansas may be set down as a great 
success. d. w. c. 
Painj i)itsl)a aim). 
SKIM CHEESE AND “ ANTI-HUFF.” 
L. S. HARDIN. 
The line of demarkation between an honest 
imitation and an adulteration of our food 
products is not always easily drawn, and the 
manufacturers of the genuine article are 
claiming that the imitation is a fraud and a 
great injury to them. Iu the]a ccess of butter 
making there is a large residuum—butter¬ 
milk and skim-milk—that in the pri¬ 
vate dairy can be profitably disposed 
of on the table or iu cooking and feed¬ 
ing to fowls, pigs and other domestic ani¬ 
mals. Thus the loss, if there is one, is not 
felt so long as butter rnakiug is confined to 
the farm. The erection of creameries or 
butter factories, bringing together thousands 
of gallons of milk daily to be made into 
butter, left, of course, an immense quantity of 
skim-milk and butter-milk on the hands of the 
factory owners. It became necessary that 
they should devise some means for making a 
profit out of this material. At first hogs in 
large numbers were purchased to consume it, 
but the immediate proximity of a large pig¬ 
pen to a butter factory is not a desirable 
state of affairs. Milk and cream are too sen¬ 
sitive to bad smells to remain unpolluted when 
exposed to a breeze from the direction of the 
pens. 
Pipes a half mile long were ofteu used 
to carry the milk to the pens, but without 
removing the trouble. After pigs had 
proved a poor shift, calves were tried with 
somewhat better results, so far as the quality 
of the butter was concerned, but not always 
with equal profit, as it Is much more difficult 
to handle and raise calves than pigs in large 
droves and upon one article of diet. Later 
came the art of making the factor y skimmed 
cheese hard and leathery as it was, and there 
has generally been more profit in it than in any 
Other method of disposing of the skim-milk. 
Then, to give it a reputation to start on, only 
one-half the milk—the night’s or morning’s 
supply—was skimmed, thus leaving one-half 
the cream in the cheese. This was what the 
Sunday School books call the first step in a 
downward course. As the price of butter 
would rise, the creamery bands would skim 
closer and closer until the dealers either abso¬ 
lutely refused to accept the cheeses or prices 
for them fell below the cost of transportation. 
In the competition between factories to de¬ 
clare the largest dividends to their patrons or 
owners, invention was called upon to supply 
the oil token off with the cream, and this 
caused the first use of oleomargarine and for a 
time it was thought this oil would entirely 
supersede the use of cream even in making 
the finest quality of cheese. That bubble 
burst, however, and a new substitute has 
been devised called “anti-huff.” it seems 
that when this hard, skimmed cheese is sub¬ 
jected to a high temperature it swells, puffs, 
or. as it is called in the vernacular of the 
cheese monger, “ huffs.” So to speak, it gets 
its buck up, and looks not unlike a baked 
dumpling. Then it rapidly becomes too high- 
flavored until absolute putridity sets in. The 
flavor follows these changes with rapid steps 
from off flavor to sharp, sour and bitter, 
wljen the whole article is Usually dumped into 
the sea. Worms huve nothing to do with 
these changes—they do not like skim cheese. 
The whole trouble comes from the formation 
of acids mid gases due to age without ripen¬ 
ing, A cheese properly made will go on 
ripening almost indefinitely, but if not cor¬ 
rectly made, decay takes the place of ripen¬ 
ing. To prevent this puffing in cheese made 
of skim-milk and butter-milk several parties 
have within the last two or three years been 
putting upon the market a compound for al¬ 
laying this tendency. It is generally supposed 
to have for a base some alkali, as potash, 
which by chemical action holds iu subjection 
the gases that cause the cheese to huff. 
These chemicals rarely stand stiff but gener¬ 
ally insist upon forming one gas or acid or an¬ 
other, Their presence utterly precludes any 
