OCT. IS 
use not these lovely jewels to paint a vile con¬ 
tortion. 
* * 
Bot on the occasion of the meeting of the 
A. A. A. 8., at Cincinnati a few weeks 
ago, I had an opportunity of observing the 
preparations being made in the horticultural 
department of ihe Great Industrial Exposi¬ 
tion now being held there. Though the build¬ 
ing is a large one, it was said to be barely 
ample for the flower show. There is a large 
grotto built of shaggy stone and cement, and 
overhead the roofs and archways in it are 
well in Nova-Scotia, New Hampshire, New 
York, Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, 
Nebraska, Utah, Alabama and Louisiana. 
MARSHALL PEAR. 
While at the Mineola Fair we were pre¬ 
sented with a box of Marshall Pears by Mr. 
P. H. Foster, Babylon, Long Island, This 
pear originated on the farm of William Mar¬ 
shall, N. Y. and is now, we believe, for the 
the first time offered for sale. It reminds us. 
in appearance and in quality, of the Buffum, 
and in the meantime give them occupation 
and a living. Their cabins are often as neat 
and orderly as though woman had been 
there, but they readily admit their loneliness.” 
* * 
Employer to workman sneeringly—“Well 
Walt, feel wann out there?” “Warm!” ex¬ 
claimed Walter, “Why, hot is no name for 
it, it is regular roasting. You come out 
and try it.” “No sir,” said his employer. 
“ You s o what it is Walt, when I was young 
I saved my money and now' that I am getting 
old I can afford to sit comfortably in the 
shade and hire shiftless fellows like you to do 
my w'ork.” 
* * 
Under the name of Petunia hvbrida fiore- 
pleno fimbriata I got a packet of seeds last 
Spring and paid a big price for it. Tbo seeds 
were very few because the petunia in question 
was an exceedingly tine, new novelty, but they 
gcruiiuated readily, grew well, wore planted 
out and in due time blossomed. Mostly ull 
had fimbriated, or frill-edged, flowers, about 
one in eight was double; all were of the 
coarsest-growing nature and the colors of the 
flowers among the most miserable found in 
petunias. Bat under the name of Petunia 
liybrida nana compacts l got another packet 
of seed (and for one-third the price of the 
double-fimbriated one) which gave me good 
satisfaction. The plants, though not so neat 
and pretty as their pictures, are compact, neat 
and copious, and without exception their 
blossoms have been beautifully striped, or, if 
plain, intensely colored. 
* * 
One of our finest September perennials is 
Chrysanthemum uliginosum; it grows some 
three to five feet high and bears a copious 
crop of large, showy, white, daisy-like blos¬ 
soms. It is grand with mo just now. But 
my good friend, John Saul, the nurseryman 
at Washington, has had sad experience with 
it. A few years ago, wishing to add some of 
the finest hardy herbaceous plants to his 
nursery stock, he imported this chrysanthe¬ 
mum, and since then has propagated, adver¬ 
tised aud sold it, But what au amount of 
abuse it has brought him! It has grown 
well and bloomed well, but some of his custom¬ 
ers declared it was only a White Weed, and 
heaped opprobious imprecations on the head 
of honest John, who w hen he failed to pacify 
them by explanation, refunded to them their 
money. Now, this shows a deplorable lack 
of ordinary observation on the part of those 
customers. The leaves, manner of growth 
and time, of blooming of the chrysanthemum 
in question are entirely different from those 
of the White Weed. 
* * 
Sometimes plants behave differently in dif¬ 
ferent places, as is the case with Parry’s Mari¬ 
gold, botanically named Tagetes Parryi. 
This is a “new'” species indigenous to the 
mouutaius of northern Mexico, where it was 
discovered in 1878 by Dre. Parry and Palmer. 
Dr. Palmer who first discovered it (and not 
Dr. Parry as the name would imply) told me 
that as soon as he saw' it he knew it was some¬ 
thing good for cultivation, it was growing iu 
the rocks aud a solid mass of yellow'. He gave 
me some seeds aud I have grown lots of it 
ever since, but I cannot recommend it as a 
decorative plant—it grows too much, blooms 
too little and smells too bad. Why should 
cultivation change its habits ? Because we 
change the natural conditions of its growth. 
In its native habitat it ekes a scanty living 
high aiul dry among the rocks, and by its 
true perennial nature assumes a scrubby 
habit more inoitant of flowers than leaves. 
Ayeur or so later Hallock, Son & Thorpe, of 
Queens, L, I., advertised and sold it as a 
novelty under the impression that in cultiva¬ 
tion it would at least maintain the reputation 
it received as a wilding. But their custom¬ 
ers reported unfavorably of it, and the firm 
repented having sent it out. But the firm 
w'as not to blame. In fact, 1 admire and en¬ 
deavor to encourage that spirit in our llorists 
which seeks that which is new' and of good re¬ 
pute, to disseminate it. Wild plants, home 
or exotic, are usually improved by cultiva¬ 
tion, and this ease of Parry’s Marigold being 
the reverse is simply because we have re¬ 
versed the conditions of its natival state. 
* * 
I wish I could attend the horticultural ex¬ 
hibition now being held at Cincinnati, but I 
cannot do so conveniently; however, I am in¬ 
formed they have a fine and wi ll patronized 
display of plants and flowers, and surely they 
made great preparation for it. My eminent 
Ohio friend, Dr. John Warder, called on me 
the other day; ho was as radiant and brilliant 
as ever, aud expressed himself highly pleased 
with the Cincinnati exhibition so far as the 
plants w'ere concerned, but, oh, how ho deplored 
the floral abominations in the shape of bouts 
aud monkeys and such-like wretched nonsense. 
Show cut flowers singly, in bunches tor grace¬ 
fully and harmoniously mixed in bouquets, 
so that every flower shall meau a flower and 
maintain its individuality as a blossom, and 
THE CHENANGO STRAW' 
lined with unequal ropes of tow in imitation 
of tree roots and the whole thing w hitewashed 
in drab and sprinkled over with minced glass 
for effect’s sake in gas-light. The front of this 
rockery is thickly clothed w ith mosses, fenis, 
vines and little trailing plants and dwarf firs 
and spruces, while adown its steep and rugged 
face a torrent of Ohio water came splashing 
over. And wimpling through the building, 
iu a cemented, tortuous bed well jarred and 
jagged with rocks, a goodly stream of water 
spread, its sides being lined and banked with 
ferns and mosses and other appropriate plants. 
The bank-heads and plots wen; to bo sodded 
over,,and on these, as tables, the exhibition 
plant s were to be set. On a clump of irregular 
tree-limbs iu a corner were to be suspended the 
handsome East Indian pitcher plants belong¬ 
ing to the Cincinnati Floral Company. The end 
of the building were shrouded in long-running 
vines, as the Madeira, and the walls were hid¬ 
den altogether in wood-moss. This moss, 
brought mostly from Kentucky, had been 
gathered in sheets in the woods and now stuck 
to the walls with paste just as we would 
paper. Leon. 
-- 
Green Peas in the Fall. 
In answer to the inquiry “ whether any of 
the readers of the Rural have ever been so suc¬ 
cessful as to obtain a good crop of green peas 
in the Fall months,” p. GOO, 1 would state that 
a few years ago I forked over a plot of ground 
from w'hich a crop of Philadelphia. Extra 
Early Peas had been taken, and fertilized and 
sowed it to turnips, and a fine self-planted 
crop of peas sprang up and yielded well. I 
never saw liner peas of that variety. I have 
never renewed the experiment, because I have 
never had an occasion to do so. 1 usually 
plant four or five varieties in the Spring, 
pluntiiqqfor a succession, and get all the peas 
I w'ant without the trouble of planting a 
second crop. I should, however, plant a 
second crop with a good deal of faith that 
they would succeed, though I very well know 
that the garden pea has been persistently bred 
as an early Spring or cool-weather vegetable. 
Georgia, Vt, o, s. B. 
^011x0 logical. 
THE CHENANGO STRAWBERRY AP¬ 
PLE. 
The Chenango Strawberry Apple is one that, 
not only from its showy appearance but from 
its quality, meets with a very ready sale iu 
our markets during September and October, 
too. Our drawing is from a specimen sent to 
us by Mr. J. T. Lovett, uf New Jersey, and is 
of a fair average size. It originated in the 
town of Lebanon, Madison Co., N. Y. Mr. 
Dow ning says that it is much esteemed as a 
tabic fruit Wherever grown. The tree is vigor¬ 
ous, spreading. The fruit is of a w'hitish 
color, shaded, splashed and mottled with light 
and dark crimson over most of tbe surface. 
The flesh is white, very tender, quite juicy, 
mildly subacid. It thrives best iu Kentucky, 
it would appear, according to tbe reports of 
the American Pomological Society, and very 
BERRY APPLE.—FIG. 488. 
though the flesh is finer-grained, more buttery 
and of a perceptibly higher flavor. As shown 
in our engraving, which is a portrait of one 
of thoso presented to us by Mr. Foster, the 
shape is roundish—somewhat obtuse-pv re¬ 
form. The skin is well covered with russet; 
the stalk very long; cavity small. In quality 
it may be described as buttery, juicy, some¬ 
what aromatic and vinous. The flesh is white. 
The tree is said to be moderately vigorous 
though very productive. It ripens 10 days 
after the Bartlett and, it is claimed, possesses 
first-class shipping qualities—a claim which, 
on account of a rather hard skin, is no doubt 
just. See illustration, page 700. 
-- 
PACKING APPLES FOR MARKET. 
It is no uncommon thing in the country to 
hear fruit raisers complain that their ship¬ 
ments to city markets do not bring as good 
prices as they should, and the blame is at once 
saddled upon the commission merchants. Now, 
there is said to be v. cause for everything, and 
the cause of poor prices for fruit must be in 
the condition of the fruit itself, in its unwhole¬ 
some appearance when it arrives at the mar¬ 
ket, in the poor quality or variety, or it is 
owing to an over-stocked market. A great 
many disadvantages, however, may be largely 
avoided by care in assorting and packing the 
fruit for shipment. 
A careful assorting is quite essential in or¬ 
der that no unsound fruit may find its way to 
the barrels and that one variety only as uni¬ 
form in size and quality as po-sible, may be 
put in each package. It is an unfortunate 
habit, which some have fallen into—that of 
pouring the picked fruit directly from the 
picking bag or basket into the shipping barrel, 
leaves, broken twigs, etc., included, and still 
more un fort nate is it to put even fair-lo king 
“ wind-falls” into the package, and sell them 
for picked fruit. 
An interesting experiment, as tried a few 
years since at one of our agricultural 
colleges, was as follows: Two barrels were 
filled with apples, just as picked from the tree; 
then two barrels were carefully graded and 
marked No, 1 and No. 2. The ungraded 
brought in the New York market the same 
price as No. 2, though probably three-fourths 
of them were as good in quality and size as 
No. 1, and the barrel marked No. 1 brought 
50 cents more than No. 2. Assorting will 
pay. 
In packing, turn the barrel bottom-side-up; 
remove the head which is opposite the one on 
whic the address is to he stamped, and place 
a lay i of apples, with stems down, upon the 
head. Then fill the barrel, shaking it down 
occas ( nally, so that the head must lie pressed 
in snugly with a lever. This can be easily 
done by nailing a cleat upon any upright 
standard, a couple of inches higher than the 
top of the barrel; then, rolling the barrel up 
to the standard, place a piece of joist six 
inches long upon the barrel head, on which to 
rest the lever, while one end is placed under 
the cleat. While one person presses down on 
the lever, another can nail in the head. Mark 
the barrel plainly with names and addresses 
of both consignor and consignee, and the 
amount and variety of fruit contained in it 
and it is ready for shipment. 
Our foreign friends are disposed to find 
fault with the American method of packing 
fruit, and they have reason for so doing. Noth 
ing is surer to destroy our good reputation iu 
commercial transactions with foreign coun¬ 
tries than deception and dishonesty. Already 
they have found out that in the packing of 
fruit there is a too general tendency to place 
the best on the top of the package where it 
may give a good name to an inferior article 
beneath. Such a practice should not be al¬ 
lowed to go on, and the fruit-growers are the 
ones to remedy it. What is true of foreign 
dealers is equally true of home-dealers—all 
deprecate the practice as something tending 
directly to injure trade in this line, and to fos¬ 
ter a feeling of distrust on the part of the pur¬ 
chaser, and this once established is not easily 
removed. 
fiflti (Crops, 
RYE AS A SOILING CROP. 
HENRY STEWART. 
The dry season has brought into prominent 
notice the subject of green fodder crops. 
Pastures and meadows have been seriously in¬ 
jured by the drought and the Winter store of 
fodder has been already drawn upon for the 
support of the stock. There cannot fail to be 
a scarcity of fodder in the Spring, and it will 
not do to turn cattle upon the meadows al 
ready weakened by the want of rain for ton 
weeks consecutively. Some provisions for 
the supply of the cows will be required. There 
is none that can be so easily made as by sow 
ing now a few acres of rye. TLiis should be 
done as soon as possible, because mi curly 
start, if the ground is good and the season 
propitious, will afford some pasturage before 
the Winter sets in. To secure this will repay 
the cost of a moderate application of fertilizer, 
which will not only begin to return its eost 
tins season, but will make a second dividend 
in the Spring. For soiling or for pasturage, 
rye will be found the most valuable crop of 
the season. It is cheaper than wheat, is far 
better as a fodder, and is ready for use ear¬ 
lier. It is productive of milk if it is cut before 
it is hard and dry, and the surplus, if cut be 
fore the grain is formed, makes excellent hay. 
It will make a good crop of fodder upon poor 
soil and on this account is especially adapted 
for the beginning of a course of improvement 
of a poor farm. 
But there are some points in regard to its 
culture and uses upon which erroneous ideas 
are current. In the first place, there needs to 
be a thicker seeding than is usual, when the 
crop is grown for grain, and the poorer the 
soil the thicker should be the seeding up to 
four or five bushels per acre. I have sown all 
the way from two-aud-one-half to five bush¬ 
els to the acre, and three-und-one half or four, 
have given the best yield of the best fodder, 
which is all the better the finer it is. Thick 
seeding gives a thin, slender, tall, leafy growth 
which is the best for both fodder and hay. 
With tbree-aud-one-half bushels of seed and 300 
pounds of a “complete” concentrated fertilizer, 
I have grown a crop which cut 110 pounds 
of green fodder to the square rod, or more 
than 8% tons to the acre early' in May. This 
is quite equal to the maximum expectation of 
the yield of soiling crops, which is, that the 
produce of a square rod should support a cow 
for one day, and au Ayrshire or Jersey cow 
will not consume more than 60 pounds of green 
rye in a day, when she is provided w'ith four 
or five quarts of meal with it. 
The most disappointing mistake in regard 
to this crop is that it can be cut several times 
in the season. This is altogether out of the 
question. The habit of growth of rye is to 
threw out a bunch of radicle leaves, or im¬ 
perfect stalks w'ith spreading leaves, in tiie 
Fall. If the season is warm and long-contin¬ 
ued, the roots spread by throwing out new 
sets of similar leaves until the ground is com¬ 
pletely' covered as with a sod; if the seed has 
been sown early and the warm weather con¬ 
tinues, the stalks may throw' up from the 
center of each an ear-bearing stem, the ear of 
which may or may r not emerge from the 
sheath. In either case, to cut this or permit it 
to be grazed off, destroys the ear, and the 
plant must throw up new off shoots from the 
roots or the crop of grain is destroyed, so that 
a very vigorous crop needs to be pastured 
down in the Fall, not so much to prevent 
smothering in the Winter, as some think, but 
to check its luxuriance and succulence, which 
encourages the growth of seed stalks in the 
Fall und which cause it to succumb to the 
frost or to rot under the close covering of a 
deep, wet snow. In the Spring the plants do 
not tiller so much as in the Fall, unless when 
very forward and vigorous they are pastured 
down and checked somewhat; but they soon 
throw up the ear shoot. If the crop is cut, this 
